ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1997
 
TRAMES cover
TRAMES. A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 1736-7514 (Electronic)
ISSN 1406-0922 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 0.2
THE MANIFESTATION OF SOCIAL REPRESENTATION THEORY AND SOCIAL CAPITAL IN A GENTRIFIED NEIGHBOURHOOD IN A POST-SOCIALIST COUNTRY, ESTONIA; pp. 151–171
PDF | 10.3176/tr.2021.2.01

Authors
Nele Nutt, Zenia Kotva, Kadri Mets, Sirle Salmistu
Abstract

In the constantly changing network of social and cultural processes in contemporary-modern societies, a cultural internalization is occurring, during which the dictated rules and regulations of society become a part of human character. This article discusses how people who live within a community identify themselves and construct the social character of that area in the context of gentrification. Two theories are discussed to explain this phenomenon: social representation theory and social capital theory. Gentrification of the neighbourhood as the simultaneous process has laid out the scene and has created the context for this study. A community can be identified by the neighbourhood and the resulting intertwined relationships. The community of Supilinn neighbourhood in Tartu city, Estonia has been explored.

References

Ait, J. (2015) Juhkentali asumiseltsi kujunemisest: ideedest tegevusteni. [The formation of Juhkental civil society organisation: from the idea to action.] Unpublished master’s theses. Tallinn: Tallinn University.

Amsden, B. L., R. C. Stedman, and L. E. Kruger (2011) “The creation and maintenance of sense of place in a tourism-dependent community”. Leisure Sciences33, 1, 32–51.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2011.533105

Anderson, A., J. Platt, I. Skelton, G. Butler, P. Chorney, E. Funk, and B. Grant (2005) “Social investment in the inner city: community and capital in West Broadway, Winnipeg”. Canadian Journal of Urban Research 14, 1, 8–31.

Arefi, M. (1999) “Non-place and placelessness as narrative of loss: rethinking the notion of place”. Journal of Urban Design 4, 2, 179–193.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809908724445

Atkinson, R. (2000) “The hidden costs of gentrification: displacement in Central London”. Journal of Housing and Built Environment 15, 4, 307–326.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010128901782

Atkinson, R. (2004) “The evidence on the impact of gentrification: new lessons for the urban renaissance?”. European Journal of Housing Policy 4, 1, 107–131.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1461671042000215479

Bauer, M. W. and G. Gaskell (1999) Towards a paradigm for research on social representations. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior 29, 163–185.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00096

Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511812507

Brouillette, S. (2009) “Literature and gentrification on Brick Lane”. Criticism 51, 3, 425–449.
https://doi.org/10.1353/crt.0.0114

Brown, B. B., D. Perkins, and G. Brown (2003) “Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: individual and block levels of analysis”. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, 3, 259–271.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00117-2

Coleman, J. (1990) Foundations of social theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Corcoran, M. (2002) “Place attachment and community sentiment in marginalised neighbourhoods: a European case study”. Canadian Journal of Urban Research11, 1, 47–67.

Crawford, P., Z. Kotval, W. Rauhe, and Z. Kotval (2008) “Social capital development in participatory community planning and design”. Town Planning Review79, 5, 533–553.
https://doi.org/10.3828/tpr.79.5.5

Friedmann, J. (2010) “Place and place-making in cities: a global perspective”. Planning Theory & Practice 11, 2, 149–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14649351003759573

Grifith, J. M. (1996) “Gentrification: perspectives on the return to the central city”. Journal of Planning Literature 11, 2, 241–255.
https://doi.org/10.1177/088541229601100205

Hanifan, L. (1920) The community center. Boston: Silver, Burdett.

Haworth, L. (1958) “Reviewed work(s): a natural science of society by A. R. Radcliffe-Brown”. Philosophy of Science 25, 4, 299–300.
https://doi.org/10.1086/287622

Hiob, M. (2012) “Planeeringuline kujunemine. Supilinn 17.–21. sajandi linnakaartidel ja -plaanidel”. [Development of Supilinn’s street and plot structure – Supilinn on maps and plans between the 17th and 21st century.] Acta Architecturae Naturalis 2, 50–76.

Hiob, M. and N. Nutt (2010) Supilinna teemaplaneeringu muinsuskaitse eritingimused. [Conditions of cultural heritage protection in thematic plan of Supilinn.] Tartu, Estonia: Artes Terrae.

Hiob, M. and N. Nutt (2016) “Spatial planning in Estonia: from a Socialist to inclusive perspective”. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 47 E, 63–79.

Hiob, M., N. Nutt, S. Nurme, and F. De Luca (2012) “Risen from the dead: from slumming to gentrification”. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 36 E, 92–105.

Käärik, H. (2013) Pierre Bourdieu, klassikaline ja nüüdisaegne sotsioloogiline teooria. [Pierre Bourdieu, classical and contemporary sociological theory.] Tartu: Tartu Ülikooli kirjastus.

Kubeš, J., and Z. Kovács (2020) “The kaleidoscope of gentrification in post-socialist cities”. Urban Studies 57, 13, 2591–2611.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098019889257

Liin, A. (2012) “Supilinna Selts: kujunemine ja roll”. [Supilinn Society: its formation and role.] Acta Architecturae Naturalis 2, 111–129.

Manzo, L. C. (2003) “Relationships to non-residential places: towards a reconceptualization of attachment to place”. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23, 1, 47–61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00074-9

Moscovici, S. (1984) The phenomenon of social representations. In R. M. Farr and S. Moscovici, eds. Social representations, 3–69, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Narayan, D. and M. F. Cassidy, (2001) “A dimensional approach to measuring social capital: development and validation of a social capital inventory”. Current Sociology 49, 2, 59–102.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392101049002006

Norris, P. and R. Inglehart (2004) “Religious organizations and social capital”. In their Sacred and secular: religion and politics worldwide, 180–195Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Nutt, N. (2003) “Supilinn – Eesti stiilipuhtaim agul”. [Supilinn – the most stylish slum in Estonia.] Unpublished final’s theses. Tallinn, Estonia: Estonian Academy of Arts.

Nutt, N. (2012) “‘MINA ELAN SIIN’ – elavustumine Supilinnas” [‘I live here’ – the livening of Supilinn.] Acta Architecturae Naturalis 2, 93–110.

Nutt, N. (2017) Ühiskondlike normide muutumine ja omaksvõtmine gentrifikatsiooniprotsessi käigus Tartu Supilinna kogukonna näitel. [The change and acceptance of social norms in gentrification processes by the example of Supilinn Community in Tartu.] Master Theses. Tartu, Estonia: University of Tartu.

Nutt, N. (2019) “Challenge of urban regeneration in Post-Socialist city: Supilinn gentification – recovered district”. Acta Architecturae Naturalis 5, 70–83.

Nutt, N., M. Hiob, and Z. Kotval (2016) “Supilinn, Tartu – the lively vernacular against urban renewal: a Lefebvrean critique”. Space and Culture 2, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331215621002

Nutt, N., M. Hiob, and S. Nurme (2012) “The story of ‘ugly duckling’: the run-down slum that survived the socialist system of government has turned to desirable residential area”. In 15th International Planning History Society (IPHS) Conference, São Paulo, Brasil, 15–18 July, 2012.

Nutt, N., M. Hiob, S. Nurme, and S. Salmistu (2013) “Gentrification in a Post-Socialist town: the case of the Supilinn District, Tartu, Estonia”. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, Special Issue, 109–123.

Proshansky, H. M. (1978) “The city and self-identity”. Environment and Behavior 10, 2, 147–169.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916578102002

Proshansky, H. M., A. Fabian, and R. Kaminoff (1983) “Place-identity: physical world socialization of the self”. Journal of Environmental Psychology 3, 1, 57–83.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8

Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster.
https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990

Rämmer, A. (1998) “Kuidas ühiskondlikud muutused mõjutavad sotsiaalseid representatsioone: ette-kujutused ühiskonna kihistumisest”. [How social changes affect social representations: Estonians’ representations of social structure.] Akadeemia (Tartu) 10, 2099–2125.

Supilinna Selts (2011) Osalusplaneerimine Supilinna teemaplaneeringu koostamisel. [Participatory planning during compiling the thematic plan on Supilinn.] Available online at 
<http://www.supilinn.ee/files/Supilinna_intervjuude_aruanne_veebi.pdf>. Accessed on 22 March 2021.

Sztompka, P. (1996) “Trust and emerging democracy: lessons from Poland”. International Sociology 11, 1, 37–62.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026858096011001004

Tartu City Government (2021) Rahvastik. Interaktiivne statistikarubriik. Tartu statistilised näitajad. [Population. Interactive statistics. Tartu in figures.] Available online at 
<https://www.tartu.ee/et/statistika>. Accessed on 5 February 2021.

Taylor, R. B. (1996) “Neighborhood responses to disorder and local attachments: the systemic model of attachment, social disorganization, and neighborhood use value”. Sociological Forum 11, 1, 41–74.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02408301

Teedema, L. (2010) Supilinna asustuse kujunemine 1704–1899. [The development of the settlement in Supilinn from 1704 to 1899.] Unpublished master’s theses. Tartu, Estonia: University of Tartu.

Wagner, W. (1998) “Social representations and beyond: brute facts, symbolic coping and domesticated worlds”. Culture & Psychology 4, 3, 297–329.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X9800400302

Back to Issue