This work is focused on thermal analysis, metallurgical characterization, and laser treatment of an aluminium alloy. This paper contributes to a better understanding of non-equilibrium metallurgical character of aluminium alloys. The solidification of the aluminium dendritic network, the aluminium–silicon eutectic and iron- and magnesium-containing intermetallic phases are characterized. The influence of laser treatment on the structure and properties of the aluminium alloy was also determined. Moreover, to improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance of the surface layer, the tested alloys were subjected to surface treatment using a HPDL laser and simultaneous feeding of tungsten carbide particles into the molten pool of the EN AC-51500 aluminium alloy.
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