Adhikari, Shiva Hari (2023) Competency of local government officials and organizational performance at local levels. Lalitpur, Nepal: Nepal Administrative Staff College. Available online at 
https://www.nasc.org.np/sites/default/files/doc/Competency%20of%20local%20government%20officials_Final..pdf. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Almeida, João and Ana Daniel (2023) “Local governance of evolutionary entrepreneurial ecosystems: a case study in a low-density territory”. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit38, 8, 735–754. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/02690942241278637

Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko (2023) “Smart Circular cities: governing the relationality, spatiality, and digitality in the promotion of circular economy in an urban region”. Sustainability 15, 17, 12680. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/su151712680

Audretsch, David Bruce, Sebastian Aparicio, Mathew (Mat) Hughes, and David Urbano (2024a) “Linking entrepreneurship and society: solutions for today and tomorrow”. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 32, 3, 557–577. 
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-08-2024-0864

Audretsch, David Bruce, Maksim Belitski, Georg Maximilian Eichler, and Erich Schwarz (2024b) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems, institutional quality, and the unexpected role of the sustainability orientation of entrepreneurs”. Small Business Economics 62, 2, 503–522. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00763-5

Avarmaa, Marii, Lasse Torkkeli, Laivi Laidroo, and Ekaterina Koroleva (2022) “The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystem actors and conditions in FinTech ecosystems: An empirical analysis”. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, 4, 79–113. 
https://doi.org/10.7341/20221843

Aziz, Nazli, Wei Yien Lua, Farahdilah Ghazali, Nor Hafzan Abd Rasid, Izwandy Idris, and Wan Izatul Asma Wan Talaat (2021) “Marine spatial planning and the local community’s awareness of ecosystems in Setiu Wetland”. JATI – Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26, 1, 97–123. 
https://doi.org/10.22452/jati.vol26no1.5

Banc, Constance and Karim Messeghem (2020) “Discovering the entrepreneurial micro-ecosystem: the case of a corporate accelerator”. Thunderbird International Business Review 62, 5, 593–605. 
https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22159

Banc, Constance and Karim Messeghem (2025) “The legitimacy of corporate accelerators within entrepreneurial ecosystems: perceptions of supported entrepreneurs”. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development 37, 9–10, 1416–1438.
https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2025.2485271

Battilana, Julie, Bernard Leca, and Eva Boxenbaum (2009) “How actors change institutions: towards a theory of institutional entrepreneurship”. Academy of Management Annals 3, 1, 65–107. 
https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520903053598

Belitski, Maksim, Nataliia Cherkas, and Olena Khlystova (2024) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems in conflict regions: evidence from Ukraine”. The Annals of Regional Science 72, 2, 355–376. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00168-022-01203-0

Bennett, Daniel L., Siddharth Vedula, and Michael Araki (2025) “Different strokes for different folks: a configurational analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Small Business Economics 65, 1547–1569. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01038-x

Bours, Sanne A.M.J.V., Iris Wanzenböck, and Koen Frenken (2022) “Small wins for grand challenges: a bottom-up governance approach to regional innovation policy”. European Planning Studies 30, 11, 2245–2272. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.1980502

Broin, Deiric Ó. (2024) “Facilitator, catalyst and regulator? Dublin’s social enterprise ecosystem and the role of municipal government in facilitating social enterprise development in a multi-level policy system”. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 39, 7–8, 365–379. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/02690942251370623

Candeias, João Carlos and Soumodip Sarkar (2024) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems policy formulation: a conceptual framework”. Academy of Management Perspectives 38, 1, 77–105. 
https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2022.0047

Carayannis, Elias G, Evangelos Grigoroudis, David FJ Campbell, Dirk Meissner, and Dimitra Stamati (2018) “The ecosystem as helix: an exploratory theory-building study of regional co-opetitive entrepreneurial ecosystems as Quadruple/Quintuple Helix Innovation Models”. R&D Management 48, 1, 148–162. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12300

Chen, Cheng, Bettina Matzdorf, Lin Zhen, and Barbara Schröter (2020) “Social-network analysis of local governance models for China’s eco-compensation program”. Ecosystem Services 45, 101191. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2020.101191

Chigudu, Andrew (2021) “The changing institutional and legislative planning framework of Zambia and Zimbabwe: nuances for urban development”. Land Use Policy 100, 104941. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104941

Christopoulos, Tania Pereira, Pedro Verga Matos, and Rafael Drumond Borges (2023) “An Ecosystem for Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation: How the State Integrates Actors for Developing Impact Investing in Portugal”. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 15, 2, 7968–7992. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01279-9

Council of Europe (1985) European charter of local self-government. (European Treaty Series, 122.) Available online at 
https://rm.coe.int/european-charter-of-local-self-government-eng/1680a87cc3. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Czarniawska, Barbara (2009) “Emerging institutions: pyramids or anthills?” Organization Studies 30, 4, 423–441. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840609102282

Dacin, Tina M., Jerry Goodstein, and Richard W. Scott (2002) “Institutional theory and institutional change: introduction to the special research forum”. Academy of Management Journal 45, 1, 45–56. Available online at 
https://journals.aom.org/doi/abs/10.5465/amj.2002.6283388?legid=amj%3B45%2F1%2F45&cited-by=yes. Accessed on 27.04.2026.

Derlukiewicz, Niki, Anna Mempel-Śnieżyk, Tomasz Pilewicz, and Małgorzata Godlewska (2021) “Bottom-up initiatives undertaken by local governments to support entrepreneurship”. Energies 14, 19, 6328. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196328

DiMaggio, Paul J. and Walter W. Powell (1983) “The iron cage revisited: institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields”. American Sociological Review 48, 2, 147. 
https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101

Dotsenko, Tetiana, Sebastian Jarzębowski, Kateryna Chepel, Andriy Blyznyukov, and Mykola Melnyk (2024) “The role of IT companies’ business leadership in driving digital progress in local communities”. Business Ethics and Leadership 8, 3, 199–218. 
https://doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(3).199-218.2024

Duan, Run and Linlin Jin (2022) “The role of public innovation intermediaries in regional innovation: a comparative study of two regions in Japan”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 34, 5, 578–593. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.1915473

Edquist, Charles (2013) Systems of innovation: technologies, institutions and organizations. London and New York: Routledge.

Eneqvist, Erica, Jessica Algehed, Christian Jensen, and Karvonen Andrew (2022) “Legitimacy in municipal experimental governance: questioning the public good in urban innovation practices”. European Planning Studies 30, 8, 1596–1614. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2021.2015749

Eneqvist, Erica and Andrew Karvonen (2021) “Experimental governance and urban planning futures: five strategic functions for municipalities in local innovation”. Urban Planning 6, 1, 183–194. 
https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.3396

Estrin, Saul, Julia Korosteleva, and Tomasz Mickiewicz (2013) “Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations?” Journal of Business Venturing 28, 4, 564–580. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.05.001

Etzkowitz, Henry and Loet Leydesdorff (2000) “The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations”. Research policy 29, 2, 109–123. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4

Ferreira, João J., Elias G. Carayannis, David F. J. Campbell, Luís Farinha, Helen Lawton Smith, and Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen (2018) “Geography & entrepreneurship: managing growth and change”. Journal of the Knowledge Economy 9, 2, 500–505. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0514-9

Fioramonti, Lorenzo, Luca Coscieme, Robert Costanza, Ida Kubiszewski, Katherine Trebeck, Stewart Wallis, Debra Roberts, Lars F. Mortensen, Kate E. Pickett, Richard Wilkinson, and others (2022) “Wellbeing economy: an effective paradigm to mainstream post-growth policies?” Ecological Economics 192, 107261. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107261

Fomishyna, Vira, Petro Guds, Nadiia Fedorova, and Iryna Pliushchyk (2023) “Entrepreneurial eco-system of international business in the transition economy: the case of southern region of Ukraine”. Academic Review 59, 7–24. 
https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-1

Freeman, Chris (1987). Technology policy and economic policy: lessons from Japan. London: Pinter.

Gil, Ma Teresa Nevado, María Pache Durán, Inna Sousa Paiva, and Luísa Cagica Carvalho (2020) “Which local governments provide suitable promotion of entrepreneurship?”: In Inna Sousa Paiva and Luísa Cagica Carvalho, eds. Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage, 199–213. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. 
https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2128-1.ch010

Girard, Luigi Fusco (2021) “The evolutionary circular and human centered city: towards an ecological and humanistic ‘re-generation’ of the current city governance”. Human Systems Management 40, 6, 753–775. 
https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211218

Glittová, Klaudia and Miroslav Šipikal (2022) “University science parks as an innovative tool for university-business cooperation”. European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 17, 1, 648–656. 
https://doi.org/10.34190/ecie.17.1.399

Godlewska, Malgorzata and Marta Mackiewicz (2023) “Local context of local government participation in the innovation networks: evidence from Poland”. International Journal of Management and Economics 59, 3, 243–263. 
https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2023-0007

Grant, Robert M. (2021) Contemporary strategy analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Greenwood, Royston, Renate E. Meyer, Thomas B. Lawrence, and Christine Oliver (2017) The Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism. SAGE Publications Ltd. 
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526415066

Greenwood, Royston and Roy Suddaby (2006) “Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The Big Five accounting firms”. Academy of Management Journal 49, 1, 27–48. 
https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20785498

Guerrero, A. M., Michele Barnes, Örjan Bodin, I. Chadès, K. J. Davis, M. S. Iftekhar, C. Morgans, and K. A. Wilson (2020) “Key considerations and challenges in the application of social-network research for environmental decision making”. Conservation Biology 34, 3, 733–742. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13461

Harper-Anderson, Elsie (2018) “Intersections of partnership and leadership in entrepreneurial eco-systems: comparing three U.S. regions”. Economic Development Quarterly 32, 2, 119–134. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242418763727

Herliana, Sri (2015) “Regional innovation cluster for small and medium enterprises (SME): a Triple Helix concept”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 169, 151–160. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.297

Hyvönen, Timo, Janne Järvinen, Lasse Oulasvirta, and Jukka Pellinen (2012) “Contracting out municipal accounting: the role of institutional entrepreneurship”. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal25, 6, 944–963. 
https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571211250198

Ikeatuegwu, Chidubem and Zoe Dann (2016) “Triple helix relations in innovation: conflicts, tensions, and struggles in rentier regions”. In Minna Eskelinen and Iiris Aaltio, eds. Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 15–16 September 2016, 288–297. Reading, UK: Academic Conferences International 

Isaksen, Arne and Trippl Michaela (2017) “Exogenously led and policy-supported new path develop-ment in peripheral regions: analytical and synthetic routes”. Economic Geography 93, 5, 436–457. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2016.1154443

Isenberg, Daniel J. (2010) “How to start an entrepreneurial revolution”. Harvard Business Review 88, 6, 40–50. Available online at 
https://institute.coop/sites/default/files/resources/Isenberg%20-%20How%20to%20Start%20an%20Entrepreneurial%20Revolution.pdf. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Kenk, Karina and Toomas Haldma (2019) “The use of performance information in local government mergers”. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 31, 3, 451–471. 
https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBAFM-03-2019-0056

Kim, Younghwan, Wonjoon Kim, and Taeyong Yang (2012) “The effect of the triple helix system and habitat on regional entrepreneurship: empirical evidence from the U.S.” Research Policy 41, 1, 154–166. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.08.003

Kuebart, Andreas and Oliver Ibert (2019) “Beyond territorial conceptions of entrepreneurial eco-systems: the dynamic spatiality of knowledge brokering in seed accelerators”. Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 63, 2–4, 118–133. 
https://doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2018-0012

Kumari, Ranjani, Jyoti Verma, Rajeev Verma, Vikas Arya, and Armando Papa (2025) “Flying high with entrepreneurial ecosystems – a systematic literature review to determine the factors of entrepreneurial ecosystem development”. Business Strategy and the Environment bse.70140. 
https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.70140

Lafuente, Esteban, Zoltán J. Ács, and László Szerb (2022) “A composite indicator analysis for optimizing entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Research Policy 51, 9, 104379. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104379

Lam, David P. M., Amanda Jiménez-Aceituno, Leonie Guerrero Lara, My M. Sellberg, Albert V. Norström, Michele-Lee Moore, Garry D. Peterson, and Per Olsson (2022) “Amplifying actions for food system transformation: insights from the Stockholm region”. Sustainability Science 17, 6, 2379–2395. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-022-01154-7

Larissa, Batrancea, Rathnaswamy Malar Maran, Batrancea Ioan, Nichita Anca, Rus Mircea-Iosif, Tulai Horia, Fatacean Gheorghe, Masca Ema Speranta, and Morar Ioan Dan (2020) “Adjusted net savings of CEE and Baltic nations in the context of sustainable economic growth: a panel data analysis”. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, 10, 234. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13100234

Lopes, João M., Márcio Oliveira, Jorge Lopes, and Umer Zaman (2021) “Networks, innovation and knowledge transfer in tourism industry: an empirical study of SMEs in Portugal”. Social Sciences 10, 5, 159. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050159

Lütjen, Heiner, Carsten Schultz, Frank Tietze, and Florian Urmetzer (2019) “Managing ecosystems for service innovation: a dynamic capability view”. Journal of Business Research 104, 506–519. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.06.001

Maguire, Steve, Cynthia Hardy, and Thomas B. Lawrence (2004) “Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada”. Academy of management journal 47, 5, 657–679. 
https://doi.org/10.2307/20159610

Marques, J. P. C., J. M. G. Caraça, and H. Diz (2006) “How can university-industry-government inter-actions change the innovation scenario in Portugal? – the case of the University of Coimbra”. Technovation26, 4, 534–542. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.04.005

M’Chirgui, Zouhaïer, Wadid Lamine, Sarfraz Mian, and Alain Fayolle (2018) “University technology commercialization through new venture projects: an assessment of the French regional incubator program”. The Journal of Technology Transfer 43, 5, 1142–1160. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-016-9535-y

Mempel-Śnieżyk, Anna, Niki Derlukiewicz, Tomasz Pilewicz, and Małgorzata Godlewska (2022) “Entrepreneurial activities performed by local governments in Poland – the context of the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept”. Lex localis – Journal of Local Self-Government 20, 4, 859–888. 
https://doi.org/10.4335/20.4.859-888(2022)

Mets, Tõnis, Mervi Raudsaar, Kaire Vahejõe, Merike Kaseorg, and Piia Vettik-Leemet (2022) “Putting entrepreneurial process competence into the focus in entrepreneurship education: experience from Estonian universities”. Administrative Sciences 12, 2, 67. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020067

Miah, Md. Tota, Nurgul Aiupova, Szilvia Erdei-Gally, and Mária Fekete-Farkas (2025) “Digital entrepreneurship ecosystems: Then vs. now-a future perspectives”. Digital Business 5, 1, 100110. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2025.100110

Mitra, Somnath, Harish Kumar, M. P. Gupta, and Jaijit Bhattacharya (2023) “Entrepreneurship in smart cities: elements of start-up ecosystem”. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 14, 3, 592–611. 
https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-06-2021-0078

Moher, David, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff, Douglas G. Altman, and The PRISMA Group (2009) “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement”. PLoS Medicine 6, 7, e1000097. 
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097

Mosconi, Franco and Dario D’Ingiullo (2023) “Institutional quality and innovation: evidence from Emilia-Romagna”. Economics of Innovation and New Technology 32, 2, 165–197. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2021.1893140

Muftugil-Yalcin, Seda and Anouk Mooijman (2024) “Making sense of each other: relations between social enterprises and the municipality”. Public Policy and Administration 39, 3, 436–456. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231188790

Mundula, Luigi and Sabrina Auci (2019) “Institutional entrepreneurship, trust, and regulatory capture in the digital economy”. In Handbook of research on entrepreneurship and marketing for global reach in the digital economy, 58–79. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Nave, Edgar, Pedro Torres, Ana Rita Querido, João J. Ferreira, and Gabriela Fernandes (2024) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems governance: critical perspectives and steps forward”. The Journal of Technology Transfer 50, 5, 2135–2230. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-024-10172-9

North, Douglass C. (1990) Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ogunsade, Adekunle, Demola Obembe, Kassa Woldesenbet, and Aderemi Ojebode (2022) “Institutional change and entrepreneurial governance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Inclusive Growth and Development”. Journal of Enterprising Culture 30, 01, 71–89. 
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218495822500030

Okamuro, Hiroyuki, Junichi Nishimura, and Fumi Kitagawa (2019) “Multilevel policy governance and territorial adaptability: evidence from Japanese SME innovation programmes”. Regional Studies 53, 6, 803–814. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1500687

Ostrom, Elinor (2002) “Common-pool resources and institutions: toward a revised theory”. In Bruce L. Gardner and Gordon C. Rausser, eds. Handbook of Agricultural Economics. Vol 2A: Agriculture and its external linkages, 1315–1339. Amsterdam et al.: Elsevier. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0072(02)10006-5

Ostrom, Elinor (1990) Governing the commons: The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge University Press.

Ostrovska, Halyna, Halyna Tsikh, Iryna Strutynska, Iryna Kinash, Olga Petukhova, Оlena Golovnya, and Natalia Shehynska (2021) “Building an effective model of intelligent entrepreneurship development in digital economy”. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, 13, 114, 49–59. 
https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.244916

Paredes, Luis Hernando Lozano and Gabriela Quintana Vigiola (2024) “Microspheres of self-govern-ance: platform communities in times of need in Bogotá, Colombia”. Cities 153, 105311. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105311

Pinto, Hugo, Valente Bernardo, and Elston Jennifer (2025) “The governance of smart regions in peripheral areas: exploring the case of a tourism-dependent region”. Urban Science 9, 5, 143. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9050143

Prachumrasee, K., P. Kamnuansilpa, P. Setthasuravich (2025) “Digital public service ecosystems in local governance: insights from northeastern Thailand’s local administrative organizations”. FWU Journal of Social Sciences 19, 23, 111–135. Available online at 
https://www.academia.edu/130243289/Digital_Public_Service_Ecosystems_in_Local_Governance_Insights_from_Northeastern_Thailands_Local_Administrative_Organizations. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Pratiwi, Sausan Putri, Noermijati Noermijati, Rofiaty Rofiaty, and Sudjatno Sudjatno (2025a) “Synergy of Pentahelix Model in digital startup acceleration: a collaborative strategy analysis in Malang Raya”. Millennial Asia. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/09763996251346943

Pratiwi, Sausan Putri, Noermijati, Rofiaty, and Sudjatno (2025b) “A study of digital startups movement in Malang Raya, Indonesia”. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 11, 2, 100535. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100535

Quélin, Bertrand V., Ilze Kivleniece, and Sergio Lazzarini (2017) “Public-private collaboration, hybridity and social value: towards new theoretical perspectives”. Journal of Management Studies 54, 6, 763–792. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12274

Radtke, Jörg (2025) “Understanding the complexity of governing energy transitions: introducing an integrated approach of policy and transition perspectives”. Environmental Policy and Governance 35, 4, 595–614. 
https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2158

Rampersad, Giselle (2016) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems: a governance perspective”. Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management 7, 3, 1122–1134. Available online at 
https://scitecresearch.com/journals/index.php/jrbem/article/view/932. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Rataj, Olga, René Kemp, and Katarzyna Mordaszewska (2024) “Mainstreaming innovative circular economy solutions – a comparative study between entrepreneurs in developed versus emerging markets and developing economies”. Business Strategy and the Environment 33, 8, 8946–8964. 
https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3957

Rehm, Sven-Volker, Shane McLoughlin, and Giovanni Maccani (2021) “Experimentation platforms as bridges to urban sustainability”. Smart Cities 4, 2, 569–587. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4020030

Riigikogu (2016) “Administrative reform act”. Riigi Teataja. Available online at 
https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/514072016004/consolide. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Rodrigues, Ana S. L., Sandy J. Andelman, Mohamed I. Bakarr, Luigi Boitani, Thomas M. Brooks, Richard M. Cowling, Lincoln D. C. Fishpool, Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca, Kevin J. Gaston, Michael Hoffmann, et al. (2003) Global Gap Analysis: towards a representative network of protected areas. (Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science, 5.) Washington, DC: Conservation International. Center for Applied Biodiversity. Available online at 
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237124715_Global_Gap_Analysis_towards_a_representative_network_of_protected_areas. Accessed on 15.03.2026.

Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés and Min Zhang (2020) “The cost of weak institutions for innovation in China”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 153, 119937. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.119937

Rosa, Newton Braga and Yeda Swirski de Souza (2018) “The role of cities in decentralization of national policies on science, technology and innovation”. Sinergie – Italian Journal of Management 36, Jan-Apr. 
https://doi.org/10.7433/s105.2018.01

Saguin, Kidjie (2018) “Why the poor do not benefit from community-driven development: lessons from participatory budgeting”. World Development 112, 220–232. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.08.009

Santos, Domingos (2022) “Building entrepreneurial ecosystems: the case of Coimbra”. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 13, 1, 73–89. 
https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-02-2020-0028

Shakiba, Hojjat and Maksim Belitski (2025) “A game theory analysis of regional innovation eco-systems”. The Journal of Technology Transfer 50, 3, 797–820. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-024-10131-4

Solleiro, José Luis and Claudia Gaona (2012) “Promotion of a regional innovation system: the case of the State of Mexico”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 52, 110–119. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.447

Span, Kees CL, Katrien G Luijkx, Jos MGA Schols, and Rene Schalk (2012) “The relationship between governance roles and performance in local public interorganizational networks: a conceptual analysis”. The American Review of Public Administration 42, 2, 186–201. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074011402193

Spigel, Ben, Fumi Kitagawa, and Colin Mason (2020) “A manifesto for researching entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 35, 5, 482–495. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094220959052

Stahl, Bernd Carsten, Michael Obach, Emad Yaghmaei, Veikko Ikonen, Kate Chatfield, and Alexander Brem (2017) “The responsible research and innovation (RRI) maturity model: linking theory and practice”. Sustainability 9, 6, 1036. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/su9061036

Stam, Erik (2015) “Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique”. European Planning Studies 23, 9, 1759–1769. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2015.1061484

Strand, Øivind and Loet Leydesdorff (2013) “Where is synergy indicated in the Norwegian inno-vation system? Triple-Helix relations among technology, organization, and geography”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 80, 3, 471–484. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.08.010

Sulistyawan, Barano Siswa, Clément Feger, Emily McKenzie, Louise A. Gallagher, Pita A. Verweij, and René Verburg (2019) “Towards more effective landscape governance for sustainability: the case of RIMBA corridor, Central Sumatra, Indonesia”. Sustainability Science 14, 6, 1485–1502. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00662-3

Tao, Zhuang and Zhao Shuliang (2022) “Collaborative innovation relationship in Yangtze River Delta of China: subjects collaboration and spatial correlation”. Technology in Society 69, 101974. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101974

Tarangioli, Serena, Roberto Henke, Giampiero Mazzocchi, Federica Cisilino, and Francesco Licciardo (2024) “From needs to policy action: Italian agri-food districts as a case of territorial cooperation”. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 8, 10, 5914. 
https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i10.5914

Tolstykh, Tatyana, Leyla Gamidullaeva, Nadezhda Shmeleva, Maciej Woźniak, and Sergey Vasin (2021) “An assessment of regional sustainability via the maturity level of entrepreneurial ecosystems”. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, 1, 5. 
https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010005

Torre, André (2025) “Territorial development: towards a dynamic and innovative understanding”. Regional Studies 59, 1, 2465657. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2025.2465657

Tsujimoto, Masaharu, Yuya Kajikawa, Junichi Tomita, and Yoichi Matsumoto (2018) “A review of the ecosystem concept – towards coherent ecosystem design”. Technological Forecasting and Social Change136, 49–58. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.032

Valkokari, Katri, Kirsi Hyytinen, Pirjo Kutinlahti, and Mari Hjelt (2021) Collaborating for a sustainable future-ecosystem guide. 
https://doi.org/10.32040/2020.Ecosystemguide

Van Dyke, Fred (2008) Conservation biology: foundations, concepts, applications. Wheaton College, Illinois USA. Springer.

Wei, Yifan (2022) “Regional governments and opportunity entrepreneurship in underdeveloped institutional environments: an entrepreneurial ecosystem perspective”. Research Policy 51, 1, 104380. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104380

Wenjuan, Song and Kai Zhao (2023) “Balancing fiscal expenditure competition and long-term innovation investment: exploring trade-offs and policy implications for local governments”. PLOS ONE 18, 11, e0293158. 
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293158

Wurth, Bernd, Erik Stam, and Ben Spigel (2022) “Toward an entrepreneurial ecosystem research program”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 46, 3, 729–778. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258721998948

Xing, Yijun, Yipeng Liu, and Sir Car L. Cooper (2018) “Local government as institutional entre-pre-neur: public–private collaborative partnerships in fostering regional entrepreneurship”. British Journal of Management 29, 4, 670–690. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12282

Xu, Dan and Bo Yu (2024) “How can regional innovation ecosystem affect innovation level? an Fs QCA analysis”. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 36, 12, 4067–4083. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2023.2242504