Triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs) offer customizable geometric and mechanical properties, making them highly suitable for bone tissue engineering. This study numerically analyzed five multi-surface TPMS lattice designs – PDL, PNG, PLG, SDL, and DNG – combined from six types of TPMSs: P (Primitive), D (Diamond), L (Lidinoid), G (Gyroid), S (Split-P), and N (Neovius), considering Ti6Al4V as the material. Geometric features, such as surface area (SA) and surface area-to-volume ratio (SA/VR), as well as mechanical properties, including elastic modulus (E), yield stress (Y), maximum compressive strength (CM), and energy absorption (EA), were evaluated through a quasi-static compression test. The multi-surface lattices exhibited smoother failure patterns, higher EA, and enhanced geometric features, including higher SA/VR compared to single lattices. PLG achieved the highest EA, while SDL demonstrated superior CM and the highest SA and SA/VR, highlighting its superior geometric complexity. Single lattices, such as D and S, exhibited higher E but showed brittle failure. These results underscore the potential of combining TPMSs for optimized scaffold designs in biomedical engineering.
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