This paper investigates back/front vowel harmony in the Kihnu variety of Estonian. Data from the Estonian Dialect Corpus are analyzed to inform the description of harmony in this dialect, a phenomenon that has been understudied in the literature. Previously reported patterns of categorical harmony (/u/-/y/ and /ɑ/-/æ/ pairs) and transparency (/i/) are confirmed. However, the corpus provides insufficient direct evidence to either support or refute previous descriptions of the /o/-/ø/ pair as non-participatory. Subtleties of a relationship previously described as variable (/e/-/ɤ/ pair) are explored in more depth, with /e/ proposed as a second transparent vowel. Vowel harmony is also explored in Kihnu Estonian’s rich inventory of diphthongs, with intra-syllabic harmony in diphthongs shown to occur at a similar rate to that of inter-syllabic harmony between monophthongs.
Archangeli, D., Pulleyblank, D. 2007, Harmony. - The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology, Cambridge, 353-378.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511486371.016
Asu, E. L., Lippus, P., Niit, E., Türk, H. 2012, The Acoustic Characteristics of Monophthongs and Diphthongs in the Kihnu Variety of Estonian. - LU XLVIII, 161-170.
https://doi.org/10.3176/lu.2012.3.01
Asu, E. L., Salveste, N. 2012, The Phonetic and Phonological Analysis of the Fall-Rise Intonation Pattern in the Kihnu Variety of Estonian. - LU XLVIII, 171-179.
https://doi.org/10.3176/lu.2012.3.02
Asu, E. L., Teras, P. 2009, Estonian. - Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39 (3), 367—372.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S002510030999017X
Fejes, L. 2021, On Finnic and Khanty Vowel Harmony: Domains, Slopes and Their Role in Typology. - JSFOu 98, 113-148.
https://doi.org/10.33340/susa.95344
Gafos, A. I., Dye, A. 2011, Vowel Harmony: Opaque and Transparent Vowels. - Phonological Interfaces, Hoboken, NJ (The Blackwell Companion to Phonology. Volume IV), 2164—2189.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444335262.wbctp0091
Häkkinen, J. 2019, Kantasuomen keskivokaalit: paluu. - Petri Kallio Rocks. Liber Semisaecularis 7.2.2019, Helsinki, 24-40.
Help, T. 1991, Vokaalharmoonia eesti murretes. - KK, 24-33.
Kallio, P. 2012, The Non-Initial-Syllable Vowel Reductions from Proto-Uralic to Proto-Finnic. - Per Urales ad Orientem. Iter polyphonicum multilingue. Festskrift tillägnad Juha Janhunen på hans sextioårsdag den 12 februari 2012, Helsinki (MSFOu 264), 163-175.
Kallio, P. 2014, The Diversification of Proto-Finnic. - Fibula, Fabula, Fact. The Viking Age in Finland, (Studia Fennica Historica 18), 155-168.
Kettunen, L. 1962, Eestin kielen äännehistoria, Helsinki.
Kiparsky, P., Pajusalu, K. 2001, Seto Vowel Harmony and the Typology of Disharmony [Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University].
Kiparsky, P., Pajusalu, K. 2003, Towards a Typology of Disharmony. - The Linguistic Review 20, 217—241.
https://doi.org/10.1515/tlir.2003.009
Krämer, M. 2003, Vowel Harmony and Correspondence Theory, Berlin-New York.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197310
Lauerma, P. 1993, Vatjan vokaalisointu, Helsinki (MSFOu 214).
Léonard, J. L. 1993, Analysis of Variation within a Typological Parameter: Kalevi Wiik’s Approach to Vowel Harmony in Southern and Eastern Balto-Finnic. - Proceedings of the VIIIth International Conference on Dialectology. METHODS VIII (3—7 August 1993), University of Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada.
Mattsson, K. 2021, Zur Herkunft von ostseefinnisch õ. Dissertation zur Erlangung des philosophischen Doktorgrades an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen.
https://ediss.uni-goettingen.de/handle/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0008-5978-E.
Rebrus, P., Törkenczy, M. 2016, Types and Degrees of Vowel Neutrality. - Linguistica LVI, 239-251.
https://doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.56.1.239-252
Ringen, C., Heinämäki, O. 1999, Variation in Finnish Vowel Harmony: An OT Account. - Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 17, 303—337.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006158818498
Rose, S., Walker, R. 2011, Harmony Systems. - The Handbook of Phonological Theory, Hoboken, NJ (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics), 240-290).
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444343069.ch8
Sang, J. 2009, Ühest fonotaktilisest kollisioonist (Kihnu näitel). - KK, 809-817.
Türk, H. 2013, Kihnu murraku diftongidest. Magistritöö, Tartu.
https://dspace.ut.ee/bitstream/handle/10062/30847/Turk_Helen_MA2013.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.
Türk, H., Asu, E. L., Lippus, P., Niit, E. 2016, Diftongidest ja triftongidest eesti keeles Kihnu vokaalisüsteemi näitel. - KK, 1-12.
https://doi.org/10.54013/kk698a1
van der Hulst, H., van de Weijer, J. 1995, Vowel Harmony. - The Handbook of Phonological Theory, Hoboken, NJ (Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics), 495-534.
Välimaa-Blum, R. 1999, A Feature Geometric Description of Finnish Vowel Harmony Covering Both Loans and Native Words. - Lingua 108, 247-268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3841(99)00003-0
Wiik, K. 1988, Viron vokaalisointu, Helsinki (Suomi 140).
