ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1997
 
Archaeology cover
Estonian Journal of Archaeology
ISSN 1736-7484 (Electronic)
ISSN 1406-2933 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 1.0
REMEMBERING THROUGH PLACE; pp. 29–57
PDF | doi: 10.3176/arch.2015.1.02

Author
Gurly Vedru
Abstract

Several sites and places have been used over and over again in different time periods of prehistory. Such repeatedly used sites are known everywhere and Estonia is not an exception. Sometimes a site was re-used for the same purpose at different times, i.e. for dwelling or burials, sometimes the use of a site changed completely. A stone grave might have been established on top of an earlier settlement site, an earlier field was later turned into a settlement site, or a stone grave was erected on it. Why were some sites used repeatedly? How were these sites remembered? It seems that a site was repeatedly used for living if the natural conditions were favourable. Stone graves were erected to places that shared some common natural features, something that made these sites different from the ordinary. But a site could also be used as a memory aid, helping people to remember. (Hi)stories and narratives connected with places helped people to create their identity and gave them a sense of belonging.

References


Bender, B. 2011. Subverting the western gaze: mapping alternative worlds. – The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape. Shaping Your Landscape. Eds P. J. Ucko & R. Layton. Routledge, London, New York, 31–45.

Beneš, J. & Zvelebil, M. 2011. A historical interactive landscape in the heart of Europe: the case of Bohemia. – The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape. Shaping Your Landscape. Eds
P. J. Ucko & R. Layton. Routledge, London, New York, 73–93.

Blake, E. 2003. The familiar honeycomb: byzantine era reuse of Sicily’s prehistoric rock-cut tombs. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 203–220.

Bradley, R. 2002. The Past in Prehistoric Societies. Routledge, London, New York.

Brady, J. E. & Ashmore, W. 2000. Mountains, caves, water: ideational landscapes of the ancient Maya. – Archaeologies of Landscape. Contemporary Perspectives. Eds W. Ashmore & A. B. Knapp. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 124–145.

Connerton, P. 2010a. How Modernity Forgets. Cambridge University Press.

Connerton, P. 2010b. How Societies Remember. Eighteenth Printing. Cambridge University Press.

Cooney, G. 2011. Social landscapes in Irish prehistory. – The Archaeology and Anthropology of Landscape. Shaping Your Landscape. Eds P. J. Ucko & R. Layton. Routledge, London, New York, 46–64.

Cresswell, T. 2008. Place. A Short Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Carlton.

Cummings, V. 2002. All cultural things. Actual and conceptual monuments in the Neolithic of western Britain. – Monuments and Landscape in Arlantic Europe. Perception and Society during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Ed. C. Scarre. Routledge, London, New York, 107–121.

Deemant, K. 1975. Das Steingräberfeld von Proosa bei Tallinn. – TATÜ, 24: 1, 78–80.

Deemant, K. 1980. Ausgrabungen des Steinkistengrabes von Proosa. – TATÜ, 29: 4, 360–361.

Deemant, K. 1981. Ausgrabungen in Proosa. – TATÜ, 30: 4, 394–397.

Deemant, K. 1982. Das Tarandgrab von Proosa. – TATÜ, 31: 4, 377–378.

Deemant, K. 1983. Jungeisenzeitliche Funde aus Proosa. – TATÜ, 32: 4, 329–330.

Deemant, K. 1985. Die Randscüttung des Tarandgrabes von Proosa. – TATÜ, 34: 4, 350–352.

Eliade, M. 1987. The Sacred and the Profane. The Nature of Religion. Harvest Book, San Diego, New York, London.

Ericson Lagerås, K. 2002. Visible intentions? Viewshed analysis of Bronze Age burial mounds
in western Scania, Sweden. – Monuments and Landscape in Arlantic Europe. Perception and Society during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Ed. C. Scarre. Routledge, London, New York, 179–191.

Huurre, M. 1990. 9000 vuotta Suomen esihistoriaa. Neljäs painos. Keuruu.

Jaanits, L., Laul, S., Lõugas, V. & Tõnisson, E. 1982. Eesti esiajalugu. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn.

Jones, A. 2007. Memory and Material Culture. Cambridge University Press.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511619229

Jonuks, T. 2009. Eesti muinasusund. (Dissertationes Archaeologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 2.) Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus.

Joyce, R. 2003. Concrete memories: fragments of the past in the classic Maya present (500–1000 AD). – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 104–125.

Knapp, A. B. & Ashmore, W. 2000. Archaeological landscapes: constructed, conceptualized, ideational. – Archaeologies of Landscape. Contemporary Perspectives. Eds W. Ashmore & A. B. Knapp. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1–30.

Konsa, M. 2003. The sites of Tsiistre and Kirikumäe in southeastern Estonia. – AVE, 2002, 144–152.

Kriiska, A., Lõugas, L. & Saluäär, U. 1998. Archaeological excavations of the Stone Age settlement site and ruin of the stone cist grave of the Early Metal Age in Kaseküla. – AVE, 1997, 30–43.

Kriiska, A., Rappu, M., Tasuja, K., Plado, J. & Šafranovski, J. 2009. Archaeological research in Jägala. – AVE, 2008, 36–52.

Laneman, M. 2012. Stone-cist grave at Kaseküla, western Estonia, in the light of AMS dates of the human bones. – EAA, 16: 2, 91–117.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/arch.2012.2.01

Laneman, M. & Lang, V. 2013. New radiocarbon dates for two stone-cist graves at Muuksi, northern Estonia. – EAA, 17: 2, 89–122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/arch.2013.2.01

Lang, V. 1993. Kaks tarandkalmet Viimsis, Jõelähtme kihelkonnas. (Töid arheoloogia alalt, 2.) Tallinn, 5–66.

Lang, V. 1994. An early tarand-grave and clearance cairn at Tõugu, north Estonia. – TATÜ, 43: 4, 383–385.

Lang, V. 1995. A Pre-Roman tarand-grave and late medieval fossil fields of Ilmandu, NW Estonia. – TATÜ, 4, 429–436.

Lang, V. 1996. Muistne Rävala. Muistised, kronoloogia ja maaviljelusliku asustuse kujunemine Loode-Eestis, eriti Pirita jõe alamjooksu piirkonnas, 1.–2. köide. (MT, 4.) Tallinn.

Lang, V. 1999. Kultuurmaastikku luues. – EAA, 3: 1, 63–85.

Lang, V. 2000a. Keskusest ääremaaks. Viljelusmajandusliku asustuse kujunemine ja areng Vihasoo–Palmse piirkonnas Virumaal. (MT, 7.) Tallinn, 9–369.

Lang, V. 2000b.Varased kangurkalmed Eestis. – EAA, 4: 1, 3–20.

Lang, V. 2007. The Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Estonia. Tartu University Press.

Lang, V., Laneman, M., Ilves, K. & Kalman, J. 2001. Fossil fields and stone-cist graves of Rebala revisited. – AVE, 2000, 34–47.

Laul, S. 2001. Rauaaja kultuuri kujunemine Eesti kaguosas (500 e.Kr. – 500 p.Kr.). (MT, 9. Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi Kirjad, 7.) Tallinn.

Ligi, P. 1995. Ühiskondlikest oludest Eesti alal hilispronksi- ja rauaajal. – Eesti arheoloogia historiograafilisi, teoreetilisi ja kultuuriajaloolisi aspekte. Ed. V. Lang. (MT, 3.) Tallinn, 182–261.

Lillios, K. T. 2003. Creating memory in prehistory: the engraved slate plaques of southwest Iberia. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 129–150.

Lõugas, V. 1986. Die Bodendenkmäler der zeitwende im Dorf Mäla (insel Muhu). – TATÜ, 35: 4, 349–352.

Lõugas, V. 1997. Archaeological excavations on the settlement site of Jõelähtme. – AVE, 156–160.

Lowenthal, D. 2006. The Past is a Foreign Country. Cambridge University Press.

Mägi-Lõugas, M. 1997. Archaeological excavations at Tõnija Tuulingumäe tarand-grave, Saaremaa. – Stilus, 7, 29–39.

Mandel, M. 1975a. Ausgrabungen der Steingrab von Kaseküla. – TATÜ, 24: 1, 74–76.

Mandel, M. 1975b. Aruanne Kaseküla kivikirstkalme kaevamistest 1973. aastal. Manuscript in the Institute of History at Tallinn University.

Meskell, L. 2003. Memory’s materiality: ancestral presence, commemorative practice and disjunctive locales. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 34–55.

Moora, T. 1972. Muinasasustusest Lahemaal. – Eesti Loodus, 11, 660–665.

Moora, T. 1973. Ülevaade arheoloogilistest kaevamistest Võhma Tandemäel 1969.–1972. aastatel. Manuscript in the Institute of History at Tallinn University.

Moora, T. 1998. Muistsete loodusolude osast kiviaja asustuse kujunemisel Kunda ümbruses. – Loodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia. Interdistsiplinaarseid uurimusi arheoloogias. Eds J. Peets & V. Lang. (MT, 5.) Tallinn, 15–151.

Nash, G. & Chippindale, C. 2002. Images of enculturing landscapes. A European perspective. – European Landscapes of Rock-Art. Eds G. Nash & C. Chippindale. Routledge, London, 1–19.

Papalexandrou, A. 2003. Memory tattered and torn: spolia in the heartland of byzantine hellenism. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 56–80.

Prent, M. 2003. Glories of the past in the past: ritual activities at palatial ruins in Early Iron Age Crete. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, 81–103.

Salo, U. 1995. Aurajokilaakson pronssikautinen ja rautakautinen asutus – tietoja, tulkintoja, kysymyksiä. – Ihmisen maisema. Kirjoituksia yhteisön ja ympäristön muutoksesta Lounais-Suomen rannikolla. Turku, 1–45.

Saluäär, U. 2000. Kvartsileiud Võhma Tandemäelt: jäljed inimtegevusest – kui vanad? – Lang, V. Keskusest ääremaaks. Viljelusmajandusliku asustuse kujunemine ja areng Vihasoo–Palmse piir­konnas Virumaal. Lisa 2. (MT, 7.) Tallinn, 379–385.

Scarre, C. 2002. Coast and cosmos. The Neolithic monuments of northern Brittany. – Monuments and Landscape in Arlantic Europe. Perception and Society during the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Ed. C. Scarre. Routledge, London, New York, 84 –102.

Schama, S. 1995. Landscape and Memory. Harper Perennial, New York.

Selirand, J. 1974. Eestlaste matmiskombed varafeodaalsete suhete tärkamise perioodil (11.–13. sajand). Tallinn.

Selirand, Yu. & Tynisson, É. 1978. = Селиранд Ю. & Тыниссон Э. Предварительные результаты исследования городища Варбола в 1974–1976 гг. – TATÜ, 27, 90–95.

Sinopoli, C. M. 2003. Echoes of empire: Vijayanagara and historical memory. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 17–33.

Spreckelsen, A. 1912. Das Gräberfeld Laakt, Kirchspiel St. Jürgens, Harrien, Estland. – Arbeiten des II. Baltischen Historikertages zu Reval, Dorpat, 20–92.

Spreckelsen, A. 1927. Das Gräberfeld Laakt (Lagedi), Kirchspiel St. Jürgens, Harrien, Estland. (ÕES Toim, XXIV.)

Tamla, Ü. 1977. Das Tarandgrab von Mõigu-Peetri. – TATÜ, 1, 55–61.

Tamla, Ü. 2002. Excavations of the destroyed grave at Harmi. – AVE, 2001, 135–143.

Tamla, Yu. & Tynisson, É. 1983. = Тамла Ю. & Тыниссон Э. Исследование городища Варбола в 1979–1982 гг. – TATÜ, 32: 4, 310–314.

Thomas, J. (ed.). 2000. Interpretive Archaeology. A Reader. Leicester University Press.

Tilley, C. 1984. Ideology and the legitimation of power in the Middle Neolithic of southern Sweden. – Ideology, Power and Prehistory. Eds D. Miller & C. Tilley. Cambridge University Press, 111–146.

Tilley, C. 1993. Art, architecture, landscape (Neolithic Sweden). – Landscape: Politics and Perspectives. Providence, Oxford, 49–84.

Tilley, C. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape. Places, Paths and Monuments. Providence, Oxford.

Tilley, C. 2004. The Materiality of Stone. Explorations in Landscape Phenomenology. Berg, Oxford, New York.

Tuan, Y.-F. 2005. Space and Place. The Perspective of Experience. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, London.

Van Dyke, R. M. & Alcock, S. E. 2003. Archaeologies of memory: an introduction. – Archaeologies of Memory. Eds R. M. Van Dyke & S. E. Alcock. Blackwell Publishing, Malden, Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin, 1–13.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470774304
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470774304.ch1

Vasks, A. 2000. Bronzas laikmeta kapulauks Pukuļos. – Arheologija un Etnogrāfija, XX, 88–105.

Vasks, A. 2009. Burials on settlement sites: memories of ancestors or dissociation? – Memory, Society, and Material Culture. Papers from the Third Theoretical Seminar of the Baltic Archaeo­logists (BASE) Held at the University of Latvia, October 5–6, 2007. Eds A. Šnē & A. Vasks. (Interarchaeologia, 3.) Rīga, Helsinki, Tartu, Vilnius, 89–98.

Vedru, G. 1996. Inventories in the surroundings of Lake Kahala and archaeological excavations on the fossil field remains at Soorinna and Muuksi. – TATÜ, 4, 434–437.

Vedru, G. 1999. Archaeological field work in the surroundings of Lake Kahala. – AVE, 1998,
57–62.

Vedru, G. 2002. Maastik, aeg ja inimesed. – Keskus – tagamaa – ääreala. Uurimusi asustus­hierarhia ja võimukeskuste kujunemisest Eestis. Ed. V. Lang. (MT, 11.) Tallinn, Tartu, 101–122.

Vedru, G. 2007. Experiencing the landscape. – EAA, 11, 36–58.

Vedru, G. 2008a. Aruanne Jõelähtme asulakoha päästekaevamistest. Manuscript in the Institute of History at Tallinn University.

Vedru, G. 2008b. Aruanne arheoloogilistest eeluuringutest Jõepere kinnistul 2008. a. Manuscript in the Institute of History at Tallinn University.

Vedru, G. 2009. Layers of landscape, layers of site. – EAA, 13: 1, 21–35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/arch.2009.1.02

Vedru, G. 2010. Kvarts Kaberla Varetimäe kivikalmes. – Ilusad asjad. Tähelepanuväärseid leide Eesti arheoloogiakogudest. Ed. Ü. Tamla. (MT, 21.) Tallinn, 23–32.

Vedru, G. 2011. Archaeological Landscapes of North Estonia. (Dissertationes Archaeologiae Universitatis Tartuensis, 3.) Tartu University Press.

Wessman, A. 2009. Reclaiming the past: using old artefacts as a means of remembering. – Memory, Society, and Material Culture. Papers from the Third Theoretical Seminar of the Baltic Archaeologists (BASE) Held at the University of Latvia, October 5–6, 2007. Eds A. Šnē & A. Vasks. (Interarchaeologia, 3.) Rīga, Helsinki, Tartu, Vilnius, 71–88

 

Back to Issue