The article is an attempt to analyse the sense of place and attitude towards the surrounding landscape of people as it can be traced on the basis of archaeological objects. A sense of place depends largely on the landscape experience and resulting from this, on the evaluation of places. Places on landscape have different value and are respectively used in different ways. At the same time, the use of landscape depends on the possibilities of local microenvironment. Nature can vary in a small area and people use these differences actively. Although landscapes change in the course of time, it can still be supposed what caused a certain use of landscape in some places. The article focuses on the visible archaeological objects on landscape. A case study has been carried out in Rebala, Jõelähtme and Võerdla villages in the historical Jõelähtme parish in Harjumaa. Undulating land and probably also bogs were of importance in Rebala and Võerdla villages during the Bronze and Pre-Roman Iron Ages. In Jõelähtme the most important features of landscape were river, karst and the rising and lowering of the earth. In later period, arable land shifted to the centre of attention and previous connections on the landscape and with it lost their meaning.
Bender, B. 1993. Introduction. Landscape - meaning and action. - Landscape: Politics and Perspectives. Ed. B. Bender. Berg, Providence; Oxford, 1-17.
Bender, B. 2001. Introduction. – Contested Landscapes. Movement, Exile and Place. Eds B. Bender & M. Winer. Berg, Oxford; New York, 1–18.
Bradley, R. 2002. An Archaeology of Natural Places. Routledge, London; New York.
Children, G. & Nash, G. 1997. Establishing a discourse: the language of landscape. - Semiotics of Landscape: Archaeology of Mind. (BAR International Series, 661, 1-4.) Ed. G. Nash. Archaeopress.
Cummings, V. 2003. Building from memory. Remembering the past at Neolithic monuments in western Britain. – Archaeologies of Remembrance. Death and Memory in Past Societies. Ed. H. Williams. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York; Boston; Dordrecht; London; Moscow, 25–43.
Grewingk, C. 1884. Die Neolitische Bewohner von Kunda in Estland und deren Nahbarn. – Verh. GEG, XII, 1–88.
Indreko, R. 1934. Looduse ja maastiku määrav osa Eesti muinasaegsel asustamisel. (Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, IX-X.) Tartu, 113-122.
Kalman, J. 1999. Human remains from the stone-cist graves of Rebala Lastekangrud, north Estonia. – EAA, 3: 1, 19–34.
Knapp, A. B. & Ashmore, W. 2000. Archaeological landscapes: constructed, conceptualized, ideational. – Archaeologies of Landscape. Contemporary Perspectives. Eds W. Ashmore & A. B. Knapp. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1–30.
Kriiska, A. 1999. Formation and development of the Stone Age settlement at Riigiküla, north-eastern Estonia. – Environmental and Cultural History of the Eastern Baltic Region. (PACT, 57.) Rixensart, 173–183.
Kriiska, A. 2001. Stone Age Settlement and Economic Processes in the Estonian Coastal Area and Islands. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/hum/kultt/vk/kriiska/
Kriiska, A. 2003. From hunter-fisher-gatherer to farmer – changes in the Neolithic economy and settlement on Estonian territory. – Archaeologia Lituana, 4, 11–26.
Kristiansen, K. & Larsson, T. B. 2005. The Rise of Bronze Age Society: Travels, Transmissions and Transformations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Lang, V. 1996. Muistne Rävala. Muistised, kronoloogia ja maaviljelusliku asustuse kujunemine Loode-Eestis, eriti Pirita jõe alamjooksu piirkonnas, 1.–2. köide. (MT, 4.) Tallinn.
Lang, V. 1999. Kultuurmaastikku luues. Essee maastiku religioossest ja sümboliseeritud korraldusest. – EAA, 3: 1, 63–85.
Lang, V. 2000. Keskusest ääremaaks. Viljelusmajandusliku asustuse kujunemine ja areng Vihasoo-Palmse piirkonnas Virumaal. (MT, 7.) Tallinn, 9–369.
Lang, V. 2006. Settlement and landscape archaeology in Estonia. – Archaeological Research in Estonia 1865–2005. Eds V. Lang & M. Laneman. Tartu University Press, Tartu, 293–300.
Lang, V. 2007b. Baltimaade pronksi- ja rauaaeg. Tartu University Press.
Lang, V., Laneman, M., Ilves, K. & Kalman, J. 2001. Fossil fields and stone-cist graves of Rebala revisited. – AVE, 2000, 34–47.
Lõugas, V. 1983. Über die Steingräbergruppe Lastekangrud in Rebala. – TATÜ, 4, 295–297.
Lõugas, V. 1997. Archaeological excavations on the settlement site of Jõelähtme. – AVE, 1997, 156–160.
Mägi, M. 2002. Piirkonnad ja keskused. Asustus muinasaja lõpu ja varakeskaegsel Saaremaal arheoloogiliste, inimgeograafiliste ning ajaloolise aja allikate andmeil. – Keskus – tagamaa – ääreala. Uurimusi asustushierarhia ja võimukeskuste kujunemisest Eestis. (MT, 11.) Ed. V. Lang. Tallinn; Tartu, 169–232.
Mägi, M. 2004. “...ships are their main strength.” Harbour sites, arable lands and chieftains in Saaremaa. – EAA, 8: 2, 128–162.
Moora, T. 1966. Asustuse levimisest ühes Kesk-Eesti piirkonnas m.a. I aastatuhande esimesel poolel. – Pronksiajast varase feodalismini. Uurimusi Baltimaade ja naaberalade arheoloogiast. Eds H. Moora & J. Selirand. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn, 129–138.
Moora, T. 1972. Muinasasustusest Lahemaal. – Eesti Loodus, 11, 660–665.
Moora, T. 1998. Muistsete loodusolude osast kiviaja asustuse kujunemisel Kunda ümbruses. – Loodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia. Interdistsiplinaarseid uurimusi arheoloogias. (MT, 5.) Eds J. Peets & V. Lang. Tallinn, 15–151.
Saarse, L., Heinsalu, A., Poska, A., Veski, S. & Rajamäe, R. 1999. Palaeoecology and human impact in the vicinity of Lake Kahala, northern Estonia. – Environmental and Cultural History of the Eastern Baltic Region. (PACT, 57.) Rixensart, 373–403.
Taçon, P. S. C. 2000. Identifying ancient sacred landsapes in Australia: from physical to social. – Archaeologies of Landscape. Contemporary Perspectives. Eds W. Ashmore & A. B. Knapp. Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 33–57.
Tilley, C. 1994. A Phenomenology of Landscape. Places, Paths and Monuments. Berg, Oxford; Providence.
Tilley, C. 2004. The Materiality of Stone. Explorations in Landscape Phenomenology. Berg, Oxford; New York.
Tuan, Y.-F. 1990. Topophilia. A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. 2-nd ed. Columbia University Press, New York.
Vassar, A. 1938. Drei Steinkistgräber aus Nordestland. (Õpetatud Eesti Seltsi aastaraamat, 1937.) Tartu, 1938, 304-364.
Vedru, G. 2002. Maastik, aeg ja inimesed. – Keskus – tagamaa – ääreala. Uurimusi asustushierarhia ja võimukeskuste kujunemisest Eestis. (MT, 11.) Ed. V. Lang. Tallinn; Tartu, 101–122.
Vedru, G. 2004. People on river landscapes. – EAA, 8: 2, 181–200.
Vedru, G. 2005. Aruanne 2005. a Jõelähtme ja Kuusalu valdades teostatud arheoloogilistest välitöödest. Manuscript in the Institute of History.
Williams, M. 2003. Tales from the dead. Remembering the bog bodies in the Iron Age of north-western Europe. – Archaeologies of Remembrance. Death and Memory in Past Societies. Ed. H. Williams. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York; Boston; Dordrecht; London; Moscow, 89–112.
