Baltica except for Baltoscandia was subject to an early Tremadocian immigration of trilobites similar to that on other plates. In Baltoscandia the Olenid biofacies lingered on until it was replaced by the late Tremadocian Ceratopyge biofacies. For the rest of the time (Floian to mid-Darriwilian), Baltoscandia had fairly monotonous lithologies and faunas, constituting a single Asaphid biofacies with lateral variations expressed as differences largely in the relative abundance of species. In the South Urals immigration started in the earliest Tremadocian with fairly rich deep-water faunas. A poorer fauna is known from the Polar Urals. A slightly younger, sparse fauna is known from Paj-Khoj. Over most of the Ural border north of the South Urals there was a further development of first a Ceratopyge biofacies, then an eastern Asaphid biofacies, together with more siliciclastic input to the lithofacies and with fewer asaphids than in Baltoscandia. In the South Urals there was a development in the Darriwilian of a Cheirurid biofacies following the Ceratopyge biofacies. By contrast, the shelf part of the South China Plate shows a development of fifteen biofacies distinguished on the genus level, and the number of species for each biofacies is notably small. The major difference in the pattern of distribution of the biofacies probably reflects the faunal development in rather different climatic conditions, suggesting that the Yangtze block is supposedly positioned rather distant from Baltica, but still close enough to share genera inhabiting the outer shelf.
Ahlberg, P. 1992. Agnostid trilobites from the Lower Ordovician of southern Sweden. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburg: Earth Sciences, 83, 539–570.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300005873
Antsygin, N. Ya. 1973. Trilobity [Trilobites]. In Stratigrafiya i fauna Ordovika Srednego Urala [Stratigraphy and Faunas of the Ordovician of the Middle Urals] (Varganov, V. G., Antsygin, N. Ya., Nasedkina, V. A., Milicina, V. S. & Shurygina, M. V., eds), pp. 62–111, pls 1–19. Nedra, Moscow [in Russian].
Antsygin, N. Ya. 1977. Trilobity karakol¢-mikhajlovskogo gorizonta rannego ordovika yuzhnogo Urala [Trilobites of the Karakol¢-Mikhajlovsk horizon of the Lower Ordovician of the southern Urals]. In Materialy po paleontologii srednego Paleozoya Urala i Sibiri [Materials on the Palaeontology of the Middle Palaeozoic of Urals and Siberia] (Sapel¢nikov, V. P. & Chuvashov, B. I., eds), Trudy Instituta Geologij i Geokhimij, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Uralskij Nauchnyj Tsentr, 126, 68–95 [in Russian].
Antsygin, N. Ya. 1978. Ranneordovikskie trilobity iz razreza gory Mayachnoj v Bredinskom rajone [The lower Ordovician trilobites of the Mayachnaya Gora in Bredin region]. Trudy Instituta Geologij i Geokhimij, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 135, 30–44 [in Russian].
Antsygin, N. Ya. 1991. Trilobity [Trilobites]. In Ordovik Pripolyarnogo Urala [Ordovician of Sub-Polar Urals. Palaeontology] (Puchkov, V. N., ed.), pp. 105–125, pls 17–25. Paleontologiya, Sverdlovsk [in Russian].
Antsygin, N. Ya. 2001. Tremadokskie trilobity Urala [Tremadocian Trilobites of the Urals]. OAO Ural¢skaya Geologos²emochnaya Ékspeditsiya Ekaterinburg, 247 pp. [in Russian].
Balashova, E. A. 1961. Nekotorye tremadokskie trilobity Aktyubinskoj oblasti [Some Tremadocian trilobites of Aktyubinskaya oblast]. Trudy Geologicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR, 18, 102–145 [in Russian].
Balashova, E. A. 1976. Sistematika trilobitov Asaphina i ikh predstaviteli v SSSR [Systematics of Asaphine Trilobites and Their Representatives in the USSR]. Nedra, Leningrad, 215 pp.
Balseiro, D., Waisfeld, B. G. & Buatois, L. A. 2011. Unusual trilobite biofacies from the Lower Ordovician of the Argentine Cordillera Oriental: new insights into olenid palaeoecology. Lethaia, 44, 58–75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00224.x
Bergström, S. M. & Löfgren, A. 2009. The base of the global Dapingian Stage (Ordovician) in Baltoscandia: conodonts, graptolites and unconformities. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 99 (for 2008), 189–212.
Bergström, S. M., Chen, X., Guiterrez-Marco, J. C. & Dronov, A. 2009. The new chronostratigraphic classification of the Ordovician System and its relation to major regional series and stages and to δ13C chemostratigraphy. Lethaia, 42, 97–107.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00136.x
Bjørlykke, K. 1974. Depositional history and geochemical composition of Lower Palaeozoic epicontinental sediments from the Oslo Region. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse, 305, 1–81.
Bockelie, J. F. 1978. The Oslo Region during the Early Palaeozoic. In Tectonics and Geophysics of Continental Rifts (Ramberg, I. B. & Neumann, E.-R., eds), pp. 195–202. D. Reidel, Dordrecht.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9806-3_16
Bogolepova, O. K. & Gee, D. G. 2004. Early Palaeozoic unconformity across the Timanides, NW Russia. In The Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen of Eastern Baltica (Gee, D. G. & Pease, V., eds), Geological Society of London, Memoirs, 30, 145–157.
Bohlin, B. 1949. The Asaphus limestone in northernmost Öland. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 33, 529–570.
Bohlin, B. 1960. Trilobites of the genus Megistaspis from the Vaginatum Limestone of Scandinavia. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 38, 155–205.
Bondarev, V. I., Burskij, A. Z., Koloskov, K. N. & Nekhorosheva, L. V. 1965. Ranneordovikskaya fauna yuga Novoj Zemli i severa Paj-Khoya i ee stratigraficheskoe znachenie [Early Ordovician fauna of southern Novaya Zemlya and northern Paj-Khoj and its stratigraphical significance]. Uchenye Zapiski, Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya, 10, 15–63 [in Russian].
Bonow, J., Lidmar-Bergström, K. & Näslund, J.-O. 2003. Palaeosurfaces and major valleys in the area of the Kjölen Mountains, southern Norway – consequences of uplift and climatic change. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, 57, 83–101.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291950310001360
Braithwaite, C. J. R., Owen, A. W. & Heath, R. A. 1995. Sedimentological changes across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in Hadeland and their implications for regional patterns of deposition in the Oslo Region. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 75, 199–218.
Brown, D. 2009. The growth and destruction of continental crust during arc-continent collision in the Southern Urals. Tectonophysics, 479, 185–196.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.01.011
Bruton, D. L. & Bockelie, J. F. 1982. The Løkken–Hølonda–Støren areas. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 77–86.
Bruton, D. L. & Harper, D. A. T. 1988. Arenig–Llandovery stratigraphy and faunas across the Scandinavian Caledonides. In The Caledonian–Appalachian Orogen (Harris, A. L. & Fettes, D. J., eds), Geological Society Special Publication, 38, 247–268.
Bruton, D. L. & Owen, A. W. 1982. The Ordovician of Norway. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 10–14.
Bruton, D. L., Harper, D. A. T. & Repetski, J. E. 1989. Stratigraphy and faunas of the Parautochthon and Lower Allochthon of southern Norway. In The Caledonide Geology of Scandinavia (Gayer, R. A., ed.), pp. 231–241. Graham & Trotman, London.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2549-6_19
Bruton, D. L., Gabrielsen, R. H. & Larsen, B. T. 2010. The Caledonides of the Oslo Region, Norway – stratigraphy and structural elements. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 90, 93–121.
Burskij, A. Z. 1966. Semejstvo Remopleurididae iz ordovika severa Paj-Khoya, ostrova Vajgach i yuga Novoj Zemli [The family Remopleurididae from the Ordovician of the northern Paj-Khoj, Vajgach and southern Novaya Zemlya]. Uchenye Zapiski, Paleontologiya i Biostratigrafiya, 12, 30–45, 2 pls [in Russian].
Burskij, A. Z. 1970. Ranneordovikskie trilobity severa Paj-Khoya [Early Ordovician trilobites of northern Paj-Khoj]. In Opornyj razrez Ordovika Paj-Khoya, Vajgacha i yuga Novoj Zemli [Reference Papers on the Ordovician of the Paj-Khoj, Vajgach Island and Novaya Zemlya] (Bondarev, V. I., ed.), pp. 96–138, Sevmorgeologiya, Leningrad [in Russian].
Clarkson, E. N. K., Ahlberg, P. & Taylor, C. M. 1998. Faunal dynamics and microevolutionary investigations in the Upper Cambrian Olenus Zone at Andrarum, Skåne, Sweden. GFF, 120, 257–267.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899809453214
Cocks, L. R. M. & Fortey, R. A. 1998. The Lower Palaeozoic margins of Baltica. GFF, 120, 173–179.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899801202173
Cocks, L. R. M. & Torsvik, T. H. 2002. Earth geography from 500 to 400 million years ago: a faunal and palaeomagnetic review. Journal of the Geological Society of London, 159, 631–644.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/0016-764901-118
Cocks, L. R. M. & Torsvik, T. H. 2005. Baltica from the late Precambrian to mid-Palaeozoic times: the gain and loss of a terrane’s identity. Earth-Science Reviews, 72, 39–66.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.04.001
Dembovskij, B. Ya., Dembovskaya, Z. P., Klyuzhina, M. L. & Nasedkina, V. A. 1990. Ordovik Pripolyarnogo Urala. Geologiya. Litologiya. Stratigrafiya [Ordovician of the Sub-polar Urals. Geology. Lithology. Stratigraphy]. UrO AN SSSR, Sverdlovsk, 195 pp. [in Russian].
Dmitrovskaya, E. E. 1989. Novye dannye po stratigrafii nizhnego Paleozoya Moskovskoj Sineklizy. Stat¢ya 2. Ordovik i Silur [New data on the stratigraphy of the lower Palaeozoic of the Moscow Syneclize. Part 2, Ordovician and Silurian]. Byulletin' Moskovskogo 0bshchestva Ispytatelej Prirody, otdel geologii, 64(2), 82–94 [in Russian].
Dronov, A. V. 2005. Aspects of sedimentation. In Cambrian and Ordovician of St. Petersburg Region. Guidebook of a Pre-Conference Field Trip (Dronov, A. V., Tolmacheva, T., Raevskaya, E. & Nestell, M., eds), pp. 9–10. Saint Petersburg.
Dronov, A. V., Ainsaar, L., Kaljo, D., Meidla, T., Saadre, T. & Einasto, R. 2011. Ordovician of Baltoscandia: facies, sequences and sea-level changes. In Ordovician of the World (Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., Rábano, I. & Garcia-Bellido, D., eds), Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14, 143–150.
Dubinina, S. V. & Ryazantsev, A. V. 2008. Conodont stratigraphy and correlation of the Ordovician volcanogenic and volcanogenic sedimentary sequences in the South Urals. Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, 10,
http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2008ES000302
Ebbestad, J. O. R. 1999. Trilobites of the Tremadoc Bjørkåsholmen Formation in the Oslo Region, Norway. Fossils and Strata, 47, 1–118.
Erdtmann, B.-D. 1982. The Tremadoc in extra-Caledonian Scandinavia: its stratigraphic range and its depositional history. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 99–105.
Eriksson, M. E. & Terfelt, F. 2007. Anomalous facies and ancient faeces in the latest middle Cambrian of Sweden. Lethaia, 40, 69–84.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2006.00007.x
Ergaliev, G. Kh. 1983. Nekotorye trilobity verkhnego kembriya i nizhnego ordovika Bol¢shova Karatau i Ulutau [Some trilobites of the Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of Great Karatau and Ulutau]. In Stratigrafiya i paleontologiya nizhnego paleozoya Kazakhstana [The Lower Palaeozoic Stratigraphy and Palaeontology of Kazakhstan], pp. 35–66. Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Nauka, Kazakh SSR Publishing House [in Russian].
Farrell, U. C., Briggs, D. E. G. & Gaines, R. R. 2011. Paleoecology of the olenid trilobite Triarthrus: new evidence from Beecher’s trilobite bed and other sites of pyritization. Palaios, 26, 730–742.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2011.p11-050r
Fortey, R. A. 1980. The Ordovician trilobites of Spitsbergen. III. Remaining trilobites of the Valhallfonna Formation. Norsk Polarinstitutt Skrifter, 171, 1–113, 25 pls.
Fortey, R. A. 2000. Olenid trilobites: the oldest known chemoautotrophic symbionts? PNAS, 97, June 6, 2000, 6574–6578.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.12.6574
Frisk, Å. M. & Ebbestad, J. O. R. 2008. Trilobite bio- and ecostratigraphy of the Tremadocian Djupvik and Köpingsklint formations (A. serratus trilobite Zone) on southern Öland, Sweden. GFF, 130, 153–160.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035890801303153
Greiling, R. O, Garfunkel, Z. & Zachrisson, E. 1998. The orogenic wedge in the central Scandinavian Caledonides: Scandian structural evolution and possible influence on the foreland basin. GFF, 120, 181–190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899801202181
Hansen, T. 2009. Trilobites of the Middle Ordovician Elnes Formation of the Oslo Region, Norway. Fossils and Strata, 56, 1–215.
Hansen, T., Nielsen, A. T. & Bruton, D. L. 2011. Palaeoecology in a mud-dominated epicontinental sea: a case study of the Ordovician Elnes Formation, southern Norway. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 299, 348–362.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.11.014
Harper, D. A. T., Bruton, D. L. & Rasmussen, C. M. Ø. 2008. The Otta brachiopod and trilobite fauna: palaeogeography of early Palaeozoic terranes and biotas across Baltoscandia. Fossils and Strata, 54, 31–40.
Harper, D. A. T., Owen, A. W. & Bruton, D. L. 2009. Ordovician life around the Celtic fringes: diversifications, extinctions and migrations of brachiopod and trilobite faunas at middle latitudes. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 325, 157–170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/SP325.8
Henningsmoen, G. 1957. The trilobite family Olenidae with description of Norwegian material and remarks on the Olenid and Tremadocian Series. Skrifter utgitt av Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo, I. Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse, 1957(1), 1–303.
Hoel, O. A. 1999. Trilobites of the Hagastrand Member (Tøyen Formation, lowermost Arenig) from the Oslo Region, Norway. Part I: Asaphidae. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, 79, 179–204.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002919699433708
Jaanusson, V. 1976. Faunal dynamics in the Middle Ordovician (Viruan) of Balto-Scandia. In The Ordovician System. Proceedings of a Palaeontological Association Symposium (Bassett, M. G., ed.), pp. 301–326. University of Wales Press, Cardiff.
Jaanusson, V. 1982a. Introduction to the Ordovician of Sweden. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 1–9.
Jaanusson, V. 1982b. The Siljan district. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 15–42.
Jaanusson, V. & Karis, L. 1982. Introduction to the Ordovician in Jämtland. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 43–46.
Karis, L. 1982. The sequence in the lower allochthon of Jämtland. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 55–63.
Kheraskova, T. N., Andreeva, N. K., Vorontsov, A. K. & Kagramanyan, N. A. 2005. Evolution of the Moscow sedimentary basin in the Early Palaeozoic. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 40, 150–166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10987-005-0016-x
Klemm, T. 1982. The Ordovician succession at Vestfossen and Krekling. In Field Excursion Guide. IV International Symposium on the Ordovician System (Bruton, D. L. & Williams, S. H., eds), Paleontological Contributions from the University of Oslo, 279, 139–143.
Klyuzhina, M. L. 1985. Paleogeografiya Urala v ordovikskom periode [Ordovician Palaeogeography of the Urals]. Nauka, Moscow, 186 pp. [in Russian].
Korinevskij, V. G. 1989. Opornye razrezy nizhnego Ordovika yuzhnogo Urala (terrigennye fatsii) [The Lower Ordovician Reference Sections of South Urals (Terrigenous Facies)]. Scientific reports. Sverdlovsk, 66 pp. [in Russian].
Lamminen, J., Andersen, T. & Nystuen, J. P. 2011. Zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes from basement rocks associated with Neoproterozoic sedimentary successions in the Sparagmite Region and adjacent areas, South Norway: the crustal architecture of western Baltica. Norwegian Journal of Geology, 91, 35–55.
Lane, P. D. 1971. British Ordovician Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Monograph of the Palaeontographical Society, 125(530), 1–95.
Lidmar-Bergström, K. 1995. Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield. Geomorphology, 12, 45–61.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(94)00076-4
Lidmar-Bergström, K. & Näslund, J. O. 2002. Landforms and uplift in Scandinavia. In Exhumation of the North Atlantic Margin: Timing, Mechanisms and Implications for Petroleum Exploration (Doré, A. G., Cartwright, J. A., Stoker, M. S., Turner, J. P. & White, N., eds), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 196, 103–116.
Lidmar-Bergström, K., Ollier, C. D. & Sulebak, J. R. 2000. Landforms and uplift history of southern Norway. Global and Planetary Change, 24, 211–231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(00)00009-6
Lindström, M., Chen, J.-Y. & Zhang, J.-M. 1991. Section at Daping reveals Sino-Baltoscandian parallelism in the Ordovician. Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 113, 189–205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899109453855
Loch, J. D., Stitt, J. H. & Derby, J. R. 1993. Cambrian–Ordovician boundary interval extinctions; implications of revised trilobite and brachiopod data from Mount Wilson, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 67, 497–517.
Lu, Y.-H. & Zhou, T.-R. 1990. Trilobites across the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary of the Transitional region of Sandu, southeastern Guizhou. Palaeontologia Cathayana, 5, 1–83.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-12662-2
Maletz, J. & Ahlberg, P. 2011. The Lerhamn drill core and its bearing for the graptolite biostratigraphy of the Ordovician Tøyen Shale in Scania, southern Sweden. Lethaia, 44, 350–368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2010.00246.x
Matte, P. 1998. Continental subduction and exhumation of HP rocks in Palaeozoic orogenic belts: Uralides and Variscides. GFF, 120, 209–222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899801202209
Modliński, Z. 1973. Stratigraphy and development of the Ordovician in northeastern Poland. Instytut Geologiczny Prace, 72, 1–74, 5 pls [in Polish, with English summary].
Modliński, Z. & Szymański, B. 1997. The Ordovician lithostratigraphy of the Peribaltic Depression (NE Poland). Geological Quarterly, 41, 273–288.
Modliński, Z. & Szymański, B. 2001. Stratigraphy and lithology of Ordovician in the Suwałki Area (north eastern Poland). Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 394, 55–72 [in Polish, with English summary].
Nasedkina, V. A. 1981. Ordovikskie konodonty zapadnogo sklona Urala i ikh stratigraficheskoe znachenie. Avtoreferat dissertatsii na uchenoj stepeni kandidata geologo-mineralogicheskikh nauk [Ordovician Conodonts of the Western Slope of the Urals and Their Stratigraphical Importance. Synopsis of Dissertation for the Degree of Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences]. Sverdlovsk, 22 pp. [in Russian].
Nielsen, A. T. 1995. Trilobite systematics, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of the Lower Ordovician Komstad Limestone and Huk Formations, southern Scandinavia. Fossils and Strata, 38, 1–374.
Owen, A. W., Bruton, D. L., Bockelie, J. F. & Bockelie, T. G. 1990. The Ordovician successions of the Oslo Region, Norway. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse, Special Publication, 4, 1–54.
Owens, R. M., Fortey, R. A., Cope, J. C. W., Rushton, A. W. A. & Bassett, M. G. 1982. Tremadoc faunas from the Carmarthen district, South Wales. Geological Magazine, 119, 1–38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800025632
Pärnaste, H. 2003. The Lower Ordovician trilobite Krattaspis: the earliest cyrtometopinid (Cheiruridae) from the Arenig of the east Baltic. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 70, 241–257.
Pärnaste, H. 2004. Revision of the Ordovician cheirurid trilobite genus Reraspis with the description of the earliest representative. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 53, 125–138.
Pärnaste, H. 2006a. The Early Ordovician trilobite distribution and zonation of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 55, 109–127.
Pärnaste, H. 2006b. The earliest encrinurid trilobites from the east Baltic and their taxonomic interest. Palaeontology, 49, 155–170.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2005.00535.x
Pärnaste, H. & Bergström, J. 2013. The asaphid trilobite fauna: its rise and fall in Baltica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 389, 64–77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.06.007
Pärnaste, H. & Bergström, J. Lower to Middle Ordovician trilobite faunas along the Ural border of Baltica. Bulletin of Geosciences [in press].
Pärnaste, H. & Viira, V. 2012. On the lower boundary of the Floian Stage in Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 61, 205–209.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2012.4.02
Pärnaste, H., Popp, A. & Owens, R. M. 2009. Distribution of the order Proetida (Trilobita) in Baltoscandian Ordovician strata. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58, 10–23.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3176/earth.2009.1.02
Pärnaste, H., Bergström, J. & Zhou, Z.-Y. 2013 (2012 on-line). High-resolution trilobite stratigraphy of the Lower–Middle Ordovician Öland Series of Baltoscandia. Geological Magazine, 150, 509–518.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756812000908
Pedersen, G. K. 1989. The sedimentology of Lower Palaeozoic black shales from the shallow wells Skelbro 1 and Billegrav 1, Bornholm, Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 37, 151–173.
Peng, S.-C. 1990a. Trilobites from the Nantsinkwan Formation of the Yangtze Platform. Beringeria, 2, 3–53.
Peng, S.-C. 1990b. Trilobites from the Panjazui Formation and the Madaoyu Formation in the Jiangnan Slope Belt. Beringeria, 2, 55–171.
Popov, L. & Holmer, L. E. 1994. Cambrian–Ordovician lingulate brachiopods from Scandinavia, Kazakhstan, and South Ural Mountains. Fossils and Strata, 35, 1–156.
Přibyl, A., Vanek, J. & Pek, I. 1985. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Family Cheiruridae (Trilobita). Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas rerum naturalium. Geographica–Geologica, 83, 107–193.
Puchkov, V. N. 1991. Ordovik Pripolyarnogo Urala [Ordovician of the Sub-Polar Urals]. Paleontologiya, Sverdlovsk, 241 pp., 44 pls [in Russian].
Puchkov, V. N. 2009. The diachronous (step-wise) arc-continent collision in the Urals. Tectonophysics, 479, 175–184.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2009.01.014
Rasmussen, C. M. Ø, Nielsen, A. T. & Harper, D. A. T. 2009. Ecostratigraphical interpretation of lower Middle Ordovician East Baltic sections based on brachiopods. Geological Magazine, 146, 717–731.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756809990148
Rasmussen, J. A., Nielsen, A. T. & Harper, D. A. T. 2011. An unusual mid-Ordovician island environment on the western edge of Baltica: new palaeoecological and palaeobiogeographical data from Hardangervidda, southern Norway. In Ordovician of the World (Gutiérrez-Marco, J. C., Rábano, I. & Garcia-Bellido, D., eds), Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 14, 455–462.
Ross, R. J. 1972. Fossils from the Ordovician bioherm at Meiklejohn Peak, Nevada. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 685, 1–43, 18 pls.
Rozova, A. V., Rozov, S. N. & Dubatolova, Y. A. 1985. Stratigrafiya i fauna ordovika severo-zapadnogo Salaira [Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Ordovician of Northwestern Salair]. Nauka, Moscow, 176 pp. [in Russian].
Ryazantsev, A. V., Dubinina, S. V., Kuznetsov, N. B. & Belova, A. A. 2008. Ordovician lithotectonic complexes in allochthons of the southern Urals. Geotectonics, 42, 368–395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0016852108050038
Scotese, C. R. & Denham, C. R. 1988. User’s Manual for Terra Mobilis™: Plate Tectonics for the Macintosh. Geoimages, Arlington, Texas, 45 pp.
Shergold, J. H. 1988. Review of trilobite biofacies distributions at the Cambrian–Ordovician Boundary. Geological Magazine, 125, 363–380.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800013030
Størmer, L. 1967. Some aspects of the Caledonian geosynclines and foreland west of the Baltic Shield. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 123, 183–214.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.123.1.0183
Sweet, W. C. & Bergström, S. M. 1974. Provincialism exhibited by Ordovician conodont faunas. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication, 21, 189–202.
Terfelt, F. & Ahlgren, J. 2007. Macropyge (Promacropyge) scandinavica new species; the first macropyginid trilobite recorded from the Furongian of Baltica. Journal of Paleontology, 81, 1516–1522.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-020R.1
Terfelt, F., Ahlberg, P. & Eriksson, M. E. 2011. Complete record of Furongian polymerid trilobites and agnostoids of Scandinavia. Lethaia, 44, 8–14.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00211.x
Tjernvik, T. E. 1956. On the Early Ordovician of Sweden. Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, 36, 107–284.
Torsvik, T. H. 1998. Palaeozoic palaeogeography: a North Atlantic viewpoint. GFF, 120, 109–118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899801202109
Varganov, V. G., Antsygin, N. Ya. & Nasedkina, V. A. 1973. Stratigrafiya i fauna Ordovika Srednego Urala [Stratigraphy and Fauna of the Ordovician of the Middle Urals]. Nedra, Moscow, 228 pp. [in Russian].
Viscaïno, D., Monceret, E., Monceret, S. & Álvaro, J. J. 2008. Toward an integrated stratigraphy of the Middle Cambrian–Furongian–Tremadocian from the southern Montagne Noire, France. In Advances in Trilobite Research (Rábano, I., Gozalo, R. & García-Bellido, D., eds), Cuadernos del Museo Geominero, 9, 415–419.
Weber, V. N. 1948. Trilobity Silurijskikh otlozhenij SSSR. 1. Nizhnesilurijskie trilobity [Silurian trilobites of SU. 1. The Lower Silurian trilobites]. Monografii po Paleontologii SSSR, 69, 1–111 [in Russian].
Westrop, S. R. & Adrain, J. M. 1998. Trilobite alpha diversity and the reorganization of Ordovician benthic marine communities. Paleobiology, 24, 1–16.
Westrop, S. R. & Cuggy, M. B. 1999. Comparative paleoecology of Cambrian trilobite extinctions. Journal of Paleontology, 73, 337–354.
Westrop, S. R., Tremblay, J. V. & Landing, E. 1995. Declining importance of trilobites in Ordovician nearshore communities: displacement or dilution? Palaios, 10, 75–79.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3515008
Whittington, H. B. 1963. Middle Ordovician trilobites from Lower Head, Western Newfoundland. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 129(1), 1–118, pls 1–36.
Zhang, J.-H. 1998a. Middle Ordovician conodonts from the Atlantic Faunal Region and the evolution of key conodont genera. Meddelanden från Stockholms Universitets Institution för Geologi och Geokemi, 298, 5–27.
Zhang, J.-H. 1998b. Conodonts from the Guniutan Formation (Llanvirnian) in Hubei and Hunan Provinces, south-central China. Stockholm Contributions in Geology, 46, 1–161.
Zhang, Y. & Erdtmann, B.-D. 2004. Tremadocian (Ordovician) biostratigraphy and graptolites at Dayangcha (Baishan, Jilin, NE China). Paläontologische Zeitschrift, 78, 323−354.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03009229
Zhen, Y.-Y. & Percival, I. 2003. Ordovician conodont biogeography – reconsidered. Lethaia, 36, 357–369.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00241160310006402
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palwor.2010.12.005
