Due to the lack of biostratigraphically useful graptolites in the crinoidal and reefal Chicotte Formation on Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada), the precise chronostratigraphic position of the formation is not known. New stable carbon isotope and conodont data and a comparison with the detailed conodont distribution and d13C development in the Viki core (Estonia) suggest an early Telychian age (Pterospathodus eopennatus to P. a. angulatus zones) for at least the lower half of the formation. This interval is characterized by a small but distinct positive excursion in d13C, with peak values of + 3.2‰ and + 2.8‰ VPDB in the lowermost 10–15 m of the Chicotte Formation on Anticosti and in the Viki core, respectively.
Azmy, K., Veizer, J., Bassett, M. G. & Copper, P. 1998. Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Silurian brachiopods: implications for coeval seawater and glaciations. GSA Bulletin, 110, 1499–1512.
doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1998)110<1499:OACICO>2.3.CO;2
Barnes, C. R. 1988. Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Ordovician–Silurian boundary interval. In A Global Analysis of the Ordovician–Silurian Boundary (Cocks, L. M. R. & Rickards, R. B., eds), Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, 43, 195–219.
Barnes, C. R. 1989. Lower Silurian chronostratigraphy of Anticosti Island, Québec. In A Global Analysis of the Ordovician–Silurian Boundary (Holland, C. H. & Bassett, M. G., eds), National Museum of Wales, Geology Series, 9, 101–108.
Barnes, C. R., Petryk, A. A. & Bolton, T. E. 1981. Anticosti Island, Québec. In Field Meeting, Anticosti-Gaspé, Québec, 1981, vol. I: Guidebook (Lespérance, P. J., ed.), pp. 1–24. Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy, Ordovician–Silurian Boundary Working Group, Université de Montréal.
Brunton, F. R. & Copper, P. 1994. Paleoecologic, temporal, and spatial analysis of Early Silurian reefs of the Chicotte Formation, Anticosti Island, Quebec, Canada. Facies, 31, 57–80.
doi:10.1007/BF02536933
Chatterton, B. D. E., Copper, P., Dixon, O. A. & Gibb, S. 2008. Spicules in Silurian tabulate corals from Canada, and implications for their affinities. Palaeontology, 51, 173–198.
Copper, P. & Long, D. G. F. 1998. Sedimentology and paleontology of the Late Ordovician through Early Silurian shallow water carbonates and reefs of the Anticosti Island, Québec. In Geological Association of Canada, Annual Meeting, Québec City, Field Trip B8 Guidebook, pp. 55–94.
Cramer, B. D. & Munnecke, A. 2008, Early Silurian δ13C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events: Discussion. Geological Journal, 43, 517–519.
doi:10.1002/gj.1112
Desrochers, A. 2006. Rocky shoreline deposits in the Lower Silurian (upper Llandovery, Telychian) Chicotte Formation, Anticosti Island, Québec. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 43, 1205–1214.
doi:10.1139/E06-054
Desrochers, A. & Gauthier, É. L. 2009. Carte géologique de l’ile d’Anticosti (1/250 000). Ministère des Ressources naturelles de la faune du Québec, DV 2009-03.
Holland, C. H. & Copper, P. 2008. Ordovician and Silurian nautiloid cephalopods from Anticosti Island: traject across the Ordovician–Silurian (O–S) mass extinction boundary. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 45, 1015–1038.
doi:10.1139/E08-048
Jeppsson, L. 1990. An oceanic model for lithological and faunal changes tested on the Silurian record. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 147, 663–674.
doi:10.1144/gsjgs.147.4.0663
Jeppsson, L. & Anehus, R. 1995. A buffered formic acid technique for conodont extraction. Journal of Paleontology, 69, 790–794.
Jeppsson, L. & Männik, P. 1993. High-resolution correlations between Gotland and Estonia near the base of the Wenlock. Terra Nova, 5, 348–358.
doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.1993.tb00268.x
Jin, J. & Copper, P. 1998. Kulumbella and Microcardinalia (Chiastodoca) new subgenus, Early Silurian divaricate stricklandiid brachiopods from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 72, 441–453.
Kaljo, D. & Martma, T. 2000. Carbon isotopic composition of Llandovery rocks (East Baltic Silurian) with environmental interpretation. Proceedings of Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 49, 267–283.
Kaljo, D., Martma, T., Männik, P. & Viira, V. 2003. Implications of Gondwana glaciations in the Baltic late Ordovician and Silurian and a carbon isotopic test of environmental cyclicity. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 174, 59–66.
doi:10.2113/174.1.59
Kaljo, D., Hints, L., Männik, P. & Nõlvak, J. 2008. The succession of Hirnantian events based on data from Baltica: brachiopods, chitinozoans, conodonts, and carbon isotopes. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57, 197–218.
doi:10.3176/earth.2008.4.01
Lespérance, P. J. (ed.) 1981a. Field Meeting, Anticosti-Gaspé, Québec, 1981. IUGS Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy – Ordovician–Silurian Boundary Working Group. I Guidebook. Département de Géologie, Université de Montréal, 56 pp.
Lespérance, P. J. (ed.) 1981b. Field Meeting, Anticosti-Gaspé, Québec, 1981. IUGS Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy – Ordovician–Silurian Boundary Working Group. II Stratigraphy and Paleontology. Département de Géologie, Université de Montréal, 321 pp.
Li, R. & Copper, P. 2006. Early Silurian (Llandovery) orthide brachiopods from Anticosti Island, eastern Canada: the O/S extinction recovery fauna. Special Papers in Palaeontology, 76, 1–71.
Long, D. G. F. 2007. Tempestite frequency curves: a key to Late Ordovician and Early Silurian subsidence, sea-level change, and orbital forcing in the Anticosti foreland basin, Quebec, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44, 413–431.
doi:10.1139/E06-099
Loydell, D. K. 2007. Early Silurian positive δ13C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events. Geological Journal, 42, 531–546.
doi:10.1002/gj.1090
Loydell, D. K. 2008. Early Silurian δ13C excursions and their relationship to glaciations, sea-level changes and extinction events: Reply. Geological Journal, 43, 511–515.
doi:10.1002/gj.1110
MacNiocall, C., van der Plum, B. A. & van der Voo, R. 1997. Ordovician paleogeography and the evolution of the Iapetus ocean. Geology, 25, 159–162.
doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0159:OPATEO>2.3.CO;2
Männik, P. 1998. Evolution and taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus. Palaeontology, 41, 1001–1050.
Männik, P. 2005. Early Telychian Valgu Event – some preliminary data from Estonia. In Evolution of Life on the Earth: Proceedings of the III International Symposium (Podobina, V. M., ed.), pp. 134–137. Tomsk State University, Tomsk.
Männik, P. 2007a. An updated Telychian (Late Llandovery, Silurian) conodont zonation based on Baltic faunas. Lethaia, 40, 45–60.
Männik, P. 2007b. Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian conodont biostratigraphy in Estonia: general overview of recent developments. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 56, 35–46.
Männik, P. 2007c. Some comments on the Telychian–Early Sheinwoodian conodont faunas, events and stratigraphy. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 46, 305–310.
Männik, P. 2008. Conodont dating of some Telychian (Silurian) sections in Estonia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57, 156–169.
doi:10.3176/earth.2008.3.04
Munnecke, A., Samtleben, C. & Bickert, T. 2003. The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden – relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 195, 99–124.
doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3
Petryk, A. A. 1981. Stratigraphy, sedimentology, and palaeogeography of the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian of Anticosti Island, Québec. In Stratigraphy and Paleontology. Field Meeting, Anticosti-Gaspé, Québec, 1981, Vol. II (Lespérance, P. J., ed.), pp. 11–40. Département de Géologie, Université de Montréal.
Samtleben, C., Munnecke, A., Bickert, T. & Pätzold, J. 2001. Shell succession, assemblage and species dependent effects on the C/O-isotope composition of brachiopods – examples from the Silurian of Gotland. Chemical Geology, 175,61–107.
doi:10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00364-8
Sweet, W. C., Ethington, R. L. & Barnes, C. R. 1971. North American Middle and Upper Ordovician conodont faunas. Geological Survey of America Memoir, 127, 163–193.
Uyeno, T. T. & Barnes, C. R. 1983. Conodonts of the Jupiter and Chicotte formations (lower Silurian), Anticosti Island, Québec. Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin, 355, 1–49.
Van Staal, C. R., Dewey, J. F., MacNiocall, C. & McKerrow, W. S. 1998. The Cambrian–Silurian tectonic evolution of the northern Appalachians and British Caledonides: history of a complex, west and southwest Pacific-type segment of Iapetus. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 143, 199–242.
Wachter, E. & Hayes, J. M. 1985. Exchange of oxygen isotopes in carbon-dioxide – phosphoric acid systems. Chemical Geology, 52, 365–374.
Zhang, S. & Barnes, C. R. 2002. A new Llandovery (early Silurian) conodont biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack, and Gun River formations, Anticosti Island, Québec. Journal of Paleontology, 76, 1–46.
doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2002)76[1:ANLESC]2.0.CO;2
Ziegler, A. M. & McKerrow, W. S. 1975. Silurian marine red beds. American Journal of Science, 275, 31–56.
