Amantov, A. 1995. Plio-Pleistocene erosion of Fennoscandia and its implication for the Baltic area. Proceedings of the Third Marine Geological Conference “The Baltic”. Prace Państwowego Institutu Geologicznego, CXLIX, 47–56.
Amantov, A., Spiridonov, M. A. & Moskalenko, P. E. 1988. Geology of pre-Quaternary formations along the margin of the Baltic Shield as an indicator of the evolution of the Gulf of Finland up to the most recent stage. In The Baltic Sea (Winterhalter, B., ed.), Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper, 6, 87–93.
Bijlsma, S. 1981. Fluvial sedimentation from the Fennoscandian area into the north-west European Basin during the Late Cenozoic. In Quaternary Geology: a Farewell to A. J. Wiggers (van Loon, A. J., ed.), Geologie Mijnbow, 60, 337–345.
Boulton, G. S., Caban, P. E., van Gijssel, K., Leijnse, A., Punkari, M. & van Weert, F. H. A. 1996. The impact of glaciation on the groundwater regime of Northwest Europe. Global and Planetary Change, 12, 397–413.
doi:10.1016/0921-8181(95)00030-5
Ehlers, J. & Linke, G. 1989. The origin of deep buried channels of Elsterian age in Northwest Germany. Journal of Quaternary Science, 4, 255–265.
doi:10.1002/jqs.3390040306
Ehlers, J. & Wingfield, R. 1991. The extension of the Late Weichselian/Late Devensian ice sheets in the North Sea Basin. Journal of Quaternary Science, 6, 313–326.
doi:10.1002/jqs.3390060406
Gibbard, P. L. 1988. The history of the great northwest European rivers during the past three million years. In The Past Three Million Years: Evolution of Climate Variability in the North Atlantic Region (Shackleton, N. J., West, R. G. & Bowen, D. Q., eds), pp. 559–602. The Royal Society, London.
Goretski, G. I. 1972. Incisions of glacial carving and erosion and their connection to the ice marginal formations. In Lednikovyj morfogenez [Glacial morphogenesis] (Danilans, I. Ya., ed.), pp. 19–39. Zinatne, Riga [in Russian].
Gripp, K. 1975. 100 Jahre Untersuchungen über das Geschehen am Rande des nordeuropäischen Inlandeises. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 29, 31–73.
Heinsalu, Ü. 1971. Murrangud Toompea edelanõlva paljandis [Faults in an outcrop on the NW slope of Toompea Hill]. Eesti Loodus, 11, 677–678 [in Estonian, with English summary].
Isachenkov, V. A. 1976. Pleistocene exaration and the origin of basins of big glacial lakes in the northwest of the Russian Plain. In Priroda i khozyajstvennoe ispol¢ zovanie ozer Severo-Zapada Russkoj ravniny, I [Nature and economic management of lakes in the northwest of the Russian Plain, Vol. 1] (Sudnicyna, D. N., ed.), pp. 3–10. Leningrad [in Russian].
Kajak, K. F. 1970. Ancient topography of Estonia. In Tezisy dokladov VII nauchnoj konferentsij geologov Pribaltiki i Belorussii [Abstracts of the 7th geological conference of the Baltic and Belarus], pp. 158–161. Tallinn [in Russian].
Koch, E. 1924. Die prädiluviale Auflagerungsfäche unter Hamburg und Umgegend. Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-Geologischen Staatsinstitut, VI, 31–95.
Koistinen, T. (ed.). 1996. Explanation to the map of Precambrian basement of the Gulf of Finland and surrounding area 1 : 1 million. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper, 21, 1–141.
Kozarski, S. 1966. Die glazialen Abflussverhältnisse im westlichen Teil des Notec-Warta Urstromtales. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 15, 63–72.
Künnapuu, S. 1962. Mandrijää taandumisest Tallinna ümbruses [On regression of the ice sheet in surroundings of Tallinn. In Eesti Geograafia Seltsi Aastaraamat 1960/61, pp. 29–36. Valgus, Tallinn [in Estonian].
Künnapuu, S. & Raukas, A. 1976. Pinnamood ja pinnakate [Topography and Quaternary cover]. In Tallinna ajalugu I [History of Tallinn I] (Pullat, R., ed.), pp. 20–36. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn [in Estonian].
Künnapuu, S., Raukas, A. & Tavast, E. 1981. The bedrock relief of Tallinn and its vicinity. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, Geoloogia, 30, 167–172 [in Russian, with English summary].
Lutsar, R. V. 1965. Displacements of the bench marks of the levelling system network of the city of Tallinn. In Sovremennye dvizheniya zemnoj kory 2 [Recent crustal movements, Vol. 2] (Parfjonova-Riives, L. J., ed.), pp. 288–293. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR, Tartu [in Russian, with English summary].
Lutt, J. & Raukas, A. (eds). 1993. Eesti šelfi geoloogia [Geology of the Estonian Shelf]. Eesti Teaduste Akadeemia, Tallinn, 225 pp. [in Estonian, with English summary].
Makkaveyev, A. N. 1976. The role of Pleistocene glaciations in the formation of lowlands in the northwest of the Russian Plain. In V vsesoyuzhnoe soveshchanie po izucheniyu kraevykh obrazovanij materikovykh oledenenij. Tezizy dokladov [5th All-Union Conference on Ice Marginal Formations of Continental Glaciations. Abstracts], pp. 85–86. Kiev [in Russian].
Miidel, A. 1966. On the relationship between the orientation of valleys and tectonic joints on the territory of Estonian SSR. In Eesti Geograafia Seltsi Aastaraamat 1964/1965 (Merikalju, L., ed.), pp. 18–33. Valgus, Tallinn [in Russian, with English summary].
Miidel, A. 1971. New data on the relationship between the orientation of valleys and tectonic joints in northern Estonia. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, Keemia, Geoloogia, 20, 160–162 [in Russian, with English summary].
Montgomery, D. R. 2002. Valley formation by fluvial and glacial erosion. Geology, 30, 1047–1050.
doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1047:VFBFAG>2.0.CO;2
Ogg, G. 2008. International Stratigraphic Chart. International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS website [www.stratigraphy.org , accessed 19 November 2009].
Orviku, K. 1929. Uhaku. Kirde-Eesti karstiala stratigraafiast ja geomorfoloogiast [Uhaku. On the stratigraphy and geomorphology of the karst area of north-eastern Estonia]. Loodusuurijate Seltsi aruanded, 35, 199–232 [in Estonian].
Orviku, K. 1946. Tartu linna hüdrogeoloogia [Hydrogeology of Tartu]. Tartu Riikliku Ülikooli Toimetised, Geoloogia, Geograafia, 1, 1–56 [in Estonian].
Orviku, K. 1960. Geological data on neotectonic movements of the Earth’s crust in the Estonian S.S.R. In Neotektonicheskie dvizheniya v Pribaltike [Neotectonic movements in Baltic countries] (Zhelnin, G. A., ed.), pp. 120–143. Tartu [in Russian, with English summary].
Overeem, I., Weltje, G. J., Bishop-Kay, C. & Kroonenberg, S. B. 2001. The Late Cenozoic Eridanos delta system in the Southern North Sea Basin. A climate signal in sediment supply? Basin Research, 13, 293–312.
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2117.2001.00151.x
Piotrowski, J. A. 1994. Tunnel-valley formation in northwest Germany – geology, mechanisms of formation and subglacial bed conditions for the Bornhöved tunnel valley. Sedimentary Geology, 89, 107–141.
doi:10.1016/0037-0738(94)90086-8
Piotrowski, J. 1997. Subglacial groundwater flow during the last glaciation in northwestern Germany. Sedimentary Geology, 111, 217–224.
doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(97)00002-X
Puura, V. 1980. On problems of Cenozoic tectonics and formation of the river drainage in Baltoscandia. In Paleotektonika Pribaltiki i Belorussii [Palaeotectonics of the Baltic States and Belarus], pp. 77–81. Tallinn [in Russian].
Puura, V., Vaher, R. & Tuuling, I. 1999. Pre-Devonian landscape of the Baltic Oil-Shale Basin, NW of the Russian Platform. In Uplift, Erosion and Stability. Perspectives on Longterm Landscape Development (Smith, B. J., Whalley, W. B. & Warkly, P. A., eds), Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 162, 75–83.
Rattas, M. 2007. Spatial distribution and morphological aspects of eskers and bedrock valleys in North Estonia: implications for the reconstruction of a subglacial drainage system under the Late Weichselian Baltic Ice Stream. In Applied Quaternary Research in the Central Part of Glacial Terrain (Johansson, P. & Sarala, P., eds), Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper, 45, 63–68.
Raukas, A. 1992. Ice marginal formations of the Palivere zone in the eastern Baltic. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Ser. Ca 81, 277–284.
Raukas, A. & Kajak, K. 1995. Quaternary stratigraphy in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 44, 149–162.
Raukas, A. & Rähni, E. 1974. Pinnavormid [Landforms]. In Harju rajoonis. Kodu-uurijate seminar-kokkutulek 11.–14. juulini 1974 (Tarmisto, V., ed.), pp. 34–46. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia, Tallinn [in Estonian].
Raukas, A., Rähni, E. & Miidel, A. 1971. Kraevye lednikovye obrazovaniya Severnoj Éstonii [Marginal glacial formations in North Estonia]. Valgus, Tallinn, 225 pp. [in Russian, with English summary].
Raukas, A. V. & Tavast, E. H. 1984. Morphology and genesis of overdeepened valleys on the territory of Northern Baltic. In Vozrast i genezis pereuglublenij na shelfakh i istoriya rechnykh dolin [Age and genesis of overdeepened depressions on shelves and the history of river valleys] (Alekseyev, M. N., Nikolayev, N. I. & Yakhimovich, V. L., eds), pp. 180–187. Nauka, Moscow [in Russian].
Rhebergen, F. 2009. Ordovician sponges (Porifera) and other silicifications from Baltica in Neogene and Pleistocene fluvial deposits of the Netherlands and northern Germany. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58, 24–37.
doi:10.3176/earth.2009.1.03
Sepp, E. 2002. Tallinna vesi eile, täna, homme [Waters of Tallinn yesterday, today, tomorrow]. Rebellis AS, Tallinn, 244 pp. [in Estonian].
Suuroja, K. 2003. Geological Base Map of Estonia. Bedrock Relief. Sheet 6334 Tallinn. Geological Survey of Estonia. Tallinn.
Tammekann, A. 1934. Tallinna aseme pinnamoest [On bedrock topography of Tallinn]. Eesti Loodus, 2, p. 34 [in Estonian].
Tavast, E. & Raukas, A. 1982. Rel¢ef korennykh porod Éstonii [Bedrock relief in Estonia]. Valgus, Tallinn, 193 pp. [in Russian, with English summary].
Tavast, E., Raukas, A. & Künnapuu, S. 1983. Ancient buried valleys in Tallinn. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised, Geoloogia, 32, 79–85 [in Russian, with English summary].
Tšeban, E. 1978. Põhjavee tehisvaru loomise võimalustest Eestis [Possibilities for creating artificial ground water reserves in the Estonian S.S.R.]. In Põhjavee kasutamisest ja kaitsest Eesti NSV-s (Heinsalu, Ü., ed.), pp. 30–43. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Looduskaitse Komisjon, Tallinn [in Estonian, with English summary].
Vallner, L. 1965. Land subsidence as a result of underground pumping on the territory of Tallinn. In Sovremennye dvizheniya zemnoj kory 2 [Recent crustal movements 2] (Parfjonova-Riives, L. J., ed.), pp. 294–301. Academy of Sciences of the Estonian SSR, Tartu [in Russian, with English summary].
Wolff, W. 1907. Der geologische Bau der Bremer Gegend. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen, 19, 207–216.