ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1952
 
Earth Science cover
Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences
ISSN 1736-7557 (Electronic)
ISSN 1736-4728 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 1.1
Recent developments in the Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian conodont biostratigraphy in Estonia; pp. 35–46
PDF | https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2007.08

Author
Peep Männik
Abstract

The current state of and the latest developments in the conodont-based biostratigraphical studies of Upper Ordovician and lower Silurian strata in Estonia are discussed. An updated conodont zonation is proposed, based on successive first and/or last occurrences of taxa as interpreted from the stratigraphical record of Estonia as well as of other parts of the world. The zonation includes mainly units proposed by different authors at different times, with some revision by the author. Currently, 32 zones (with 14 subzones) and 3 informal units can be recognized in the Upper Ordovician to upper Wenlock (Homerian) of Estonia.

References

Aaloe, A. 1970. Jaani Stage. In Silur Éstonii [The Silurian of Estonia] (Kaljo, D., ed.), pp. 243–252. Valgus, Tallinn [in Russian, with English summary].

Aldridge, R. J. 1972. Llandovery conodonts from the Welsh Borderland. Bulletin of the British Museum, Natural History (Geology), 22, 127–231.

Aldridge, R. J., Jeppsson, L. & Dorning, K. J. 1993. Early Silurian oceanic episodes and events. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150, 501–513.

Armstrong, H. A. 1990. Conodonts from the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian carbonate platform of North Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 159, 1–151.

Barrick, J. E. & Männik, P. 2005. Silurian conodont biostratigraphy and palaeobiology in stratigraphic sequences.In Conodont Biology and Phylogeny – Interpreting the Fossil Record (Purnell, M. A. & Donoghue, P. C. J., eds), Special Papers in Palaeontology, 73, 1–14.

Bergström, S. M. 1971. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Ordovician of Europe and eastern North America. Geological Society of America Memoir,127, 83–161.

Bergström, S. 1983. Biogeography, evolutionary relationships, and biostratigraphic significance of Ordovician platform conodonts. Fossils and Strata, 15, 35–58.

Bischoff, G. C. O. 1986. Early and middle Silurian conodonts from midwestern New South Wales. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 89, 1–337.

Calner, M. & Jeppsson, L. 2003. Carbonate platform evolution and conodont stratigraphy during the middle Silurian Mulde Event,Gotland, Sweden. Geological Magazine, 140, 173–203.

Cooper, B. J. 1975. Multielement conodonts from the Brassfield Limestone (Silurian) of southern Ohio. Journal of Paleontology, 49, 984–1008.

Dzik, J. 1978. Conodont biostratigraphy and palaeogeographical relations of the Ordovician Mojcza Limestone (Holy Cross Mts., Poland). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 23, 51–72.

Dzik, J. 1999. Evolution of the Late Ordovician high-latitude conodonts and dating of Gondwana glaciations. Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 37, 237–253.

Harris, M. T., Sheehan, P. M., Ainsaar, L., Hints, L., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J. & Rubel, M. 2004. Upper Ordovician sequences of western Estonia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 210, 135–148.

Harris, M., Sheehan, P., Ainsaar, L., Hints, L., Männik, P., Nõlvak, J. & Rubel, M. 2005. The Lower Silurian of Estonia: facies, sequences and basin filling. In The Sixth Baltic Stratigraphical Conference, August 23–25, St. Petersburg, Russia (Koren, T., Evdokimova, I. & Tolmacheva, T., eds). pp. 30–33. VSEGEI, St. Petersburg.

Holland, C. H. 1980. Silurian series and stages: decisions concerning chronostratigraphy. Lethaia, 13, 238.

Jeppsson, L. 1990. An oceanic model for lithological and faunal changes tested on the Silurian record. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 147,663–674.

Jeppsson, L. 1997. A new latest Telychian, Sheinwoodian and Early Homerian (Early Silurian) Standard Conodont Zonation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 88, 91–114.

Jeppsson, L. 1998. Silurian oceanic events: summary of general characteristics. In Silurian Cycles. Linkages of Dynamic Strati­graphy with Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Tectonic Changes (Landing, E. & Johnson, M. E., eds), New York State Museum Bulletin, 491,239–257.

Jeppsson, L. & Calner, M. 2003. The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo-secundo events. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 93, 135–154.

Jeppsson, L. & Männik, P. 1993. High-resolution correlations between Gotland and Estonia near the base of theWenlock. Terra Nova, 5, 348–358.

Jeppsson, L., Viira, V. & Männik, P. 1994. Conodont-based correlations between Estonia and Gotland. Geological Magazine, 131, 201–218.

Loydell, D. K., Kaljo, D. & Männik, P. 1998. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Ohesaare core, Saaremaa, Estonia. Geological Magazine, 135, 769–783.

Loydell, D. K., Männik, P. & Nestor, V. 2003. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41 core, Latvia. Geological Magazine, 140, 205–229.

McCracken, A. D. & Barnes, C. R. 1981. Conodont biostratigraphy and paleoecology of the Ellis Bay Formation, Anticosti Island, Québec, with special reference to the late Ordovician–early Silurian chronostratigraphy and the systemic boundary. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 329, 51–134.

Männik, P. 1992. Upper Ordovician and Lower Silurian cono­donts in Estonia. Doctoral Thesis at Tartu University, 1, 1–50.

Männik, P. 1998. Evolution and taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus. Palaeontology, 41, 1001–1050.

Männik, P. 2001. Evolution of early Silurian conodont faunas, and high-resolution stratigraphy. In Evolution of Life on the Earth. Proceedings of the II International Symposium “Evolution of Life on the Earth”, November 12–15, 2001, Tomsk (Podobina, V. M., ed.), pp. 202–205. NTL, Tomsk.

Männik, P. 2003. Distribution of conodonts. In Ruhnu (500) Drill Core(Põldvere, A., ed.), Estonian Geological Sections,5, 17–23.

Männik, P. 2004. Recognition of the Mid-Caradoc Event in the conodont sequence of Estonia. In WOGOGOB-2004 Conference Materials (Hints, O. & Ainsaar, L., eds), pp. 63–64. Tartu University Press, Tartu.

Männik, P. An updated Telychian (late Llandovery, Silurian) conodont zonation based on Baltic faunas. Lethaia [in press].

Männik, P.& Viira, V. 2005. Distribution of Ordovician conodonts. In Mehikoorma (421) Drill Core (Põldvere, A., ed.), Estonian Geological Sections,6, 16–20.

Männik, P., Kallaste, T. & Martma, T. 2002. Dating of the Ireviken Event and the problem of the Llandovery–Wenlock boundary, some possible developments. In The Fifth Baltic Stratigraphical Conference “Basin Stratigraphy – Modern Methods and Problems”, September 22–27, 2002, Vilnius, Lithuania: Extended Abstracts (Satkūnas, J. & Lazauskienė, J., eds), pp. 114–116. Vilnius.

Nestor, H. 1997. Silurian. In Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia (Raukas, A. & Teedumäe, A., eds), pp. 89–105. Estonian Academy Publishers, Tallinn.

Nestor, H., Einasto, R., Nestor, V., Märss, T. & Viira, V. 2001. Description of the type section, cyclicity, and correlation of the Riksu Formation (Wenlock, Estonia). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 50, 149–173.

Nestor, H., Einasto, R., Männik, P. & Nestor, V. 2003. Correlation of some lower–middle Llandovery reference sections in central and southern Estonia and sedimentation cycles of lime muds. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 52, 3–27.

Nicoll, R. S. & Rexroad, C. B. 1968. Stratigraphy and conodont paleontology of the Salamonie Dolomiteand Lee Creek Member of the Brassfield Limestone (Silurian) in southeastern Indiana and adjacent Kentucky. Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin, 40, 1–73.

Nõlvak, J., Hints, O. & Männik, P. 2006. Ordovician timescale in Estonia: recent developments. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences, Geology, 55, 95–108.

[SSS] The Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy, 1995. Left hand column for correlation chart. Silurian Times, 3, 7–8.

Uyeno, T. T. & Barnes, C. R. 1983. Conodonts of the Jupiter and Chicotte formations (lower Silurian), Anticosti Island, Québec. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada, 355, 1–48.

Viira, V. 1974. Konodonty ordovika Pribaltiki [Ordovician conodonts of the East Baltic]. Valgus, Tallinn, 142 pp. [in Russian, with English summary].

Viira, V. 1982. Shallow-water conodont Ctenognathodus murchisoni (late Wenlock, Estonia). In Soobshchestva i biozony v silure Pribaltiki [Communities and biozones in the Baltic Silurian] (Kaljo, D. & Klaamann, E., eds), pp. 63–83. Valgus, Tallinn [in Russian, with English summary].

Viira, V. 1999. Late Silurian conodont biostratigraphy in the northern East Baltic. Bolletino della Società Paleontologica Italiana, 37, 299–310.

Viira, V. & Männik, P. 1997. Conodonts. In Geology and Mineral Resources of Estonia (Raukas, A. & Teedumäe, A., eds), pp. 241–244. Estonian Academy publishers, Tallinn.

Walliser, O. H. 1964. Conodonten des Silurs. Abhandlungen des Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung, 41, 1–106.

Zhang, S. & Barnes, C. R. 2002. A new Llandovery (early Silurian) conodont biozonation and conodonts from the Becscie, Merrimack, and Gun River formations, Anticosti Island, Québec. Journal of Paleontology, 76, 2, 1–46.

Ziegler, W. & Lane, H. R. 1987. Cycles in conodont evolution from Devonian to mid-Carboniferous. In Palaeobiology of Conodonts (Aldridge, R. J., ed.), pp. 148–163. British Micropalaeontological Society, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester.

Back to Issue