ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1997
 
TRAMES cover
TRAMES. A Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences
ISSN 1736-7514 (Electronic)
ISSN 1406-0922 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 0.2
NEO-MYTHS: ISSUE-ATTENTION CYCLES AS MEDIATIZED SOCIAL DRAMAS; pp. 57–73
PDF | 10.3176/tr.2022.1.04

Author
Arvydas Grišinas
Abstract

This article suggests that in times of digital mass media, mediatized political issues create a self-perpetuating phenomenon that is here titled a neo-myth. Through combining interdisciplinary theories of Issue-Attention Cycles and Social Dramas, the article argues that the standardized ways that political issues are framed, mass-mediated and consumed in a contemporary society, paradoxically create a cyclical and self-perpetuating pattern. Instead of being linear, rational and cause-to-solution oriented, they become stereotypical, cyclical and performative, thus resembling mythological patterns both content and form-wise. The article discusses how and why these neo-myths form, as well as how political, public and media actors interact within the process. It discusses them in terms of their emergence, structure, causality, processual logics and formal variety, and suggests that the phenomenon falls in line with the findings of recent research on the shifting knowledge patterns in times of digital culture.

References

Alexander, Jeffrey (2017) The drama of social life. Cambridge: Polity.

Altheide, David L. (1997) “The news media, the problem frame, and the production of fear”. The Sociological Quarterly 38, 4, 647–668. Available online at 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1997.tb00758.x
www.jstor.org/stable/4121084
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

Bacot, Hunter and Michael R. Fitzgerald (1999) “Issue salience, news coverage, and attention cycles of environmental problems”. Southeastern Political Review 27, 525–543. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1999.tb00548.x

Barthes, Roland (1972) Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang.

Beaudoin, Christopher E. (2007) “SARS news coverage and its determinants in China and the US”. International Communication Gazette 69, 6, 509–524. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048507082839

Boydstun, Amber E., Justin H. Gross, Philip Resnik, and Noah A. Smith (2013) “Identifying media frames and frame dynamics within and across policy issues”. In New directions in analyzing text as data workshop. London. Available online at 
http://faculty.washington.edu/jwilker/559/frames-2013.pdf
Accessed on 13 January 2022.

Brossard, Dominique, James Shanahan, and Katherine McComas (2004) “Are issue-cycles culturally constructed? A comparison of French and American coverage of global climate change”. Mass Communication and Society 7, 3, 359–377. 
https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327825mcs0703_6

Brossard, Dominique, James Shanahan, and T. Clint Nesbitt (2007) The public, the media and agri-cultural biotechnology. Wallingford, UK: CABI.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845932046.0000

Brosius, Hans-Bernd and Matthias H. Kepplinger (1995) “Killer and victim issues: issue competition in the agenda-setting process of German television”. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 7, 211–231. 
https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/7.3.211

Campbell, James (1993) The hero with a thousand faces. London: Fontana Press.

Campbell, James (1972) Myths to live by. New York: Bantam Books.

Chen Chien C., Yao-Tsung Chen, Yeali Sun Meng, and Chang Chen (2003) “Life cycle modeling of news events using aging theory”. In Nada Lavrač, Dragan Gamberger, Hendrik Blockeel, and Ljupčo Todorovski, eds. Machine learning: ECML 2003, 47–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39857-8_7

“COVID-19: tracking the impact on media consumption”. Nielsen, 16 June 2020. Available online at 
https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/article/2020/covid-19-tracking-the-impact-on-media—consumption/
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

Crow, Deserai A. and Andrea Lawlor (2016) “Media in the policy process: using framing and narratives to understand policy influences”. Review of Policy Research 33, 5, 472–491. Available online at 
https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12187
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ropr.12187
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

de Vreese, Claes H. (2005) “News framing: theory and typology”. Information Design Journal + Document Design 13, 1, 51–62.
https://doi.org/10.1075/idjdd.13.1.06vre

Djerf-Pierre, Monika (2013) “Green metacycles of attention: reassessing the attention cycles of environmental news reporting 1961–2010”. Public Understanding of Science 22, 4, 495–512. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662511426819

Downs, Anthony (1972) “Up and down with ecology the ‘issue-attention cycle’”. The Public Interest 28, 38–50.

Eliade, Mircea (1971) The myth of the eternal return: cosmos and history. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Geiß, Stefan (2011) “Patterns of relationships between issues: an analysis of German prestige news-papers”, International Journal of Public Opinion Research 23, 265–286. 
https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edq050

Geiß, Stefan (2018) “The dynamics of media attention to issues: towards standardizing measures, dimensions, and profiles”. In Peter Vasterman, ed. From media hype to twitter storm. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt21215m0.8

Gupta, Kuhika, Hank Jenkins-Smith (2016) “Anthony Downs, ‘Up and down with ecology: the ‘issue-attention’ cycle’”. In Steven J. Balla, Martin Lodge, and Edward C. Page, eds. The Oxford handbook of classics in public policy and administration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.34

Hallahan, Kirk (1999) “Seven models of framing: implications for public relations”. Journal of Public Relations Research 11, 3, 205–242. 
https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1103_02

Henry, Gary T. and Craig S. Gordon (2001) “Tracking issue attention: specifying the dynamics of the public agenda”. The Public Opinion Quarterly 65, 2, 157–177. 
https://doi.org/10.1086/322198

Hilgartner, Stephen and Charles L. Bosk (1988) “The rise and fall of social problems: a public arenas model”. American Journal of Sociology 94, 1, 53–78. Available online at 
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2781022
Accessed on 2 November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1086/228951

Howlett, Michael (1997) “Issue-attention and punctuated equilibria models reconsidered: an empirical examination of the dynamics of agenda-setting in Canada”. Canadian Journal of Political Science / Revue Canadienne de Science Politique 30, 1, 3–29. Available online at 
https://www.jstor.org/stable/3232165
Accessed on 2 November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423900014918

Jung, Carl G. (1928) Contributions to analytical psychology. H. G. Baynes and C. F. Baynes, eds. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Jung Oh, Hyun, Thomas Hove, Hye-Jin Paek, Byoungkwan Lee, Hyegyu Lee, and Sun Kyu Song (2012) “Attention cycles and the H1N1 pandemic: a cross-national study of US and Korean newspaper coverage”. Asian Journal of Communication 22, 2, 214–232. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2011.642395

Kalpokas, Ignas (2019) A political theory of post-truth. Cham: Palgrave Pivot. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97713-3

Kimrey, Christopher M. (2016) “Opportunities in crisis and catastrophe: the issue-attention cycle and political reality”. Homeland Security Affairs12, 1–14. Available online at 
https://www.hsaj.org/articles/10541
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

Kingdon, John W. (1995) Agendas, alternatives, and public policies. 2nd ed. New York: Harper Collins.

Liu, Xinsheng, Arnold Vedlitz, and Letitia Alston (2008) “Regional news portrayals of global warming and climate change”. Environmental Science & Policy 11, 5, 379–393. 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2008.01.002

Lörcher, Ines and Irene Neverla (2015) “The dynamics of issue attention in online communication on climate change”. Media and Communication 3, 1, 17–33. 
https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v3i1.253

Luther, Catherine A. and Xiang Zhou (2005) “Within the boundaries of politics: news framing of SARS in China and the United States”. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 82, 857–872.
https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200407

McCombs, Maxwell. E. (2004) Setting the agenda: the mass media and public opinion. Cambridge: Polity.

Mathes, Rainer and Barbara Pfetsch (1991) “The role of the alternative press in the agenda-building process: spill-over effects and media opinion leadership”. European Journal of Communication 6, 1, 33–62. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323191006001003

Molotch, Harvey and Marilyn Lester (1974) “News as purposive behavior: on the strategic use of routine events, accidents, and scandals”. American Sociological Review 39, 1, 101–112. Available online at 
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2094279
Accessed on 2 November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2094279

Neuman, Russel W. (1990) “The threshold of public attention”. Public Opinion Quarterly 54, 159–176.
https://doi.org/10.1086/269194

Neuman, Russel W., Marion R. Just, and Ann N. Crigler (1992) Common knowledge: news and the construction of political meaning. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226161174.001.0001

Nisbet, Matthew C., Dominique Brossard, and Adrianne Kroepsch (2003) “Framing science: the stem cell controversy in an age of press/politics”. The International Journal of Press/Politics 8, 2, 36–70. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/1081180X02251047

Nisbet, Matthew C., M. Huge, D. Brossard, J. Shanahan, and T. C. Nesbitt (2007) “Where do science debates come from? Understanding attention cycles and framing”. In: Dominique Brossard, J. Shanahan, and T. C Nesbitt, eds. The public, the media and agricultural biotechnology. Wallingford, UK: CABI. 
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845932046.0193

Petersen, Karen (2010) “Revisiting Downs’s issue-attention cycle: international terrorism and U.S. Public Opinion”. Journal of Strategic Security2, 4, 1–16. 
https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.2.4.1

Pettitt, Thomas (2012) “Bracketing the Gutenberg parenthesis”. Explorations in Media Ecology 11, 2, 95–114. 
https://doi.org/10.1386/eme.11.2.95_1

Reese, Stephen D., Oscar H. Gandy, Jr., and August E. Grant, eds. (2001) Framing public life: perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410605689

Shanahan, Elizabeth A., Mark K. McBeth, Paul L. Hathaway, and Ruth J. Arnell (2008) “Conduit or contributor? The role of media in policy change theory”. Policy Sciences 41, 2, 115–138. 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-008-9058-y

Schaffner, Brian F. and Patrick J. Sellers (2009) Winning with words: the origins and impact of political framing. London: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203883112

Semetko, Holli A. and Patti M. Valkenburg (2000) “Framing European politics: a content analysis of press and television news”. Journal of Communication 50, 93–109. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x

Stanyer, James (2014) “Hypes, waves, and storms: events and the dynamics of their coverage”. In: Carsten Reinemann, ed. Political communication. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110238174.151

Stier, Sebastian et al. (2018) “Election Campaigning on Social Media: Politicians, Audiences, and the Mediation of Political Communication on Facebook and Twitter.” Political Communication 35:1: 50–74.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2017.1334728

Strömbäck, Jesper and Frank Esser (2014) “Mediatization of politics: towards a theoretical framework”. In Frank Esser and Jesper Strömbäck, eds. Mediatization of politics. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 
https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137275844_1

Teixeira, Thales (2015) “When people pay attention to video ads and why”. Harvard Business Review, 14 OctoberAvailable online at 
https://hbr.org/2015/10/when-people-pay-attention-to-video-ads-and-why
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

Thomas, William I. and Dorothy S. Thomas (1928) The child in America. New York: Knopf.

Thunström, Linda, and Shiri Noy (2019) “The value of thoughts and prayers”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, 40, 19797–19798. 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908268116

Turner, Victor (1974) “Liminal to liminoid, in play, flow, and ritual: an essay in comparative symbology”. Rice Institute Pamphlet – Rice University Studies 60, 3, 53–92. Available online at 
https://hdl.handle.net/1911/63159
Accessed on 2 November 2021.

Turner, Victor (1980) “Social dramas and stories about them”. Critical Inquiry 7, 1, 141–168. Available online at 
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343180
Accessed on 2 November 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1086/448092

Vasterman, Peter L. M. (2005) “Self-reinforcing news waves, journalistic standards and the construction of social problems”. European Journal of Communication 20, 4, 508-530.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323105058254

Vasterman, Peter, ed. (2018) From media hype to twitter storm. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 
https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt21215m0

Waldherr, Annie (2012) Die Dynamik der Medienaufmerksamkeit. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845236889

Waldherr, Annie (2014) “Emergence of news waves: a social simulation approach”. Journal of Communication 64, 5, 852–873. 
https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12117

Wien, Charlotte and Christian Elmelund-Præstekær (2009) “An anatomy of media hypes”. European Journal of Communication 24, 2, 183–201. 
https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323108101831

Wolfsfeld, Gadi and Tamir Sheafer (2006) “Competing actors and the construction of political news: the contest over waves in Israel”. Political Communication 23, 3, 333–354. 
https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600600808927

Back to Issue