Contents

Number 3 2005

Rein Taagepera, Ago Künnap, Distances among Uralic and Other Northern Eurasian Languages
Abstract. The present occurrence or non-occurrence of 46 structural features is analyzed in language groups ranging from Finnic to Eskimo-Aleut. Normalized measures of commonalities and distances between two languages are developed and used for graphical representations. The conventional Uralic and Altaic groupings emerge. So does a Paleo-Siberian concatenation (Yukaghir/Eskimo-Aleut/Chukotka-Kamchatkan/Yeniseian), more diffuse than even Uralic-Altaic jointly, but with some similarities to Samoyedic and Mordvin in the Uralic group. Within Uralic, four clusters emerge: Samoyedic, Mordvin/Saamic/ Finnic, Mari/Permic/Ob-Ugric, and most distant from the rest, Hungarian. Surprisingly, far from supplying a bridge to Altaic, Hungarian also appears as the Uralic language the most remote from Turkic and other Altaic. Turkic and Tungusic present almost as many commonalities with Uralic languages (except Hungarian) as with each other. Common origins cannot account for all these crisscrossing patterns; a continuum of contacts, selective migrations and participation in lingua franca areas must come into play. Extension of the existing set of structural features is urged, to include the distinguishing features of Basque, Indo-European, Semitic-Hamitic and Dravidian, as well as further Altaic and Paleo-Siberian features.

M. V. Mosin, Etimologii erzjanskich slov
M. V. M o s i n, Ersänische Etymologien
Abstract. The article presents the etymology of the following words of the Erzya language: arams 'to become; to protect; to rise; to change', el'akadoms 'to have fun; to frolic; to start rioting', el'z'ir'e 'front slit at the lower edge of the Mordvinian woman's shirt; embroidery at the hemline of the woman's shirt', er'm'e 'property; possessions; wealth', er't 'dwelling place; curse'.

Gábor Bereczki, Permsko-marijskije leksitšeskije sovpadenija — zaimstvovanija ili obštšije substratnyje elementy?
Gábor B e r e c z k i, Lexikalische Übereinstimmungen in den permischen Sprachen und im Marischen: Entlehnungen oder gemeinsame Substratelemente?
Abstract. I. S. Galkin has expressed doubt about the etymology of about 50 words of the Mari language, presented by the author of this paper. In the opinion of the author these words were adopted by the Mari language as a result of later contacts between the Maris and Permians. I. S. Galkin, however, claims that 70% of these words belong to a common substratum of these languages and are not loans. In the paper an attempt is made to refute I. S. Galkin's arguments and new evidence is presented for every etymology questioned. Once again it is concluded that the Mari words under consideration have obvious Permic phonetic characteristics and can thus be only loans.

Jevgenij Cypanov, Osnovnyje i vtoritšnyje znatšenija form imperativa v komi jazyke
Jevgenij C y p a n o v, Haupt- und Nebenbedeutungen des Imperativs in der Komi-Sprache
Abstract. Grammars and manuals of the Komi language provide no sufficient explanation of meanings and functions of morphological forms. For the imperative, the grammars present mostly only suffixes and/or some examples of the formation of this mood. In the paper an attempt is made to systematize the primary and secondary meanings of the second person of the imperative.

REVIEWS

M. P. Fabian, P. N. Lizanec — 75

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F. I. G o r d e j e v, V. A. L o s k u t o v, A. V. G u s a r o v, R. G. M o s k v i n a, V. I. Š o r n i k o v a, Obratnyj slovar' marijskogo jazyka, Joškar-Ola 2003. Rets. Ivan Galkin

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N. V. K o n d r a t' j e v a, Vyraženie prjamogo ob''jekta v udmurtskom jazyke (v istoriko-sopostavitel'nom plane). Dissertatsija na soiskanie utšenoj stepeni kandidata filologitšeskich nauk, Iževsk 2002. Rets. M. G. Atamanov

Lidija Vasikova, Ignat'jevskie tštenija

Lembit Vaba, In memoriam Karl Kont. 15. Dezember 1923 — 6. Mai 2005

Auf der Titelseite: Werke von Paul Ariste über die finnisch-ugrischen Sprachen, über deren Nachbarsprachen und über Sprachkontakte.