TRAMES, 2007, 11(61/56), 2, 155–172
ORGANIZATIONAL AND SECTORAL CHANGES IN
TRANSITION BANKING: ESTONIAN EXPERIENCE
Kari Liuhto1, Olga Luštšik2,
Mart Sõrg2, and Janek Uiboupin1
1Turku School of Economics, 2University
of Tartu
Abstract. Our study examines organizational and
sectoral developments in the Estonian banking
sector. It can be concluded that despite
the unstable economic and legal environment during the transition period,
banking in Estonia has been much more profitable than in many developed
countries. But at the same time the effectiveness of
banking in a transition economy is volatile and the risk of bank
failures, is high.
The Estonian banking sector is clearly dominated by foreign banks that have
brought stability and modern banking techniques with them and increased the
competitiveness of the market. We also prove that new electronic risk channels alprovide
toare more cost-effective than traditional channels and explain banks
more cost saving the difference in the cost
structurewhat . is
Keywords: banking sector development, banking internationalization, electronic banking
References
Aarma, A. and V. Vensel (2001) “Banks’ retail
customer satisfaction and development of bank-customer relationships”. In
Estonia on the threshold of the European Union: financial sector and enterprise
restructuring in the changing economic environment, 85–106. Vello Vensel, Clas
Wihlborg, eds. Tallinn: Tallinn Technical University.
Aladwani,
A. (2001) “Online banking: a field study of drivers, development challenges,
and expectations.” International Journal of Information Management 21, 213–225.
doi:10.1016/S0268-4012(01)00011-1
BankAway! 2001 Net banking benefits! Sheer
acceleration. (2003) In: Electronic banking: the ultimate guide to business and
technology of online banking. Edited by SCN Education B.V.Spronger-Verlag New York Inc.
Barisitz, S (2000) “The development of the
Croatian banking sector since independence. Focus on Transition.
Oesterreichische Nationalbank, No 2, 96–122.
Bonin, J. and I. Ábel, (2000) “Retail
banking in Hungary: a foreign affair?”. Working Paper, Hungarian National Bank
356.
Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Inc. (1996) Internet
banking: a survey of current and future development. [Survey was limited to
North American banks who currently had a Web site, among which were 34
commercial banks, 19 credit unions and 3 thrifts/FSBs] February. Financial
Services Group, New York.
Borensztein,
E., J. De Gregorio, and J.-W.Lee (1998) “How does foreign direct investment
affect economic growth?”. Journal of International Economics 45, 115–135.
doi:10.1016/S0022-1996(97)00033-0
Burr, W. (1996) “Wie Informationstechnik die
Bankorganisation verändern könnte,” Bank und Markt 11, 28–31.
Claessens,
S., A. Demirguc-Kunt, and H. Huizinga (2001) “How does foreign entry affect
domestic banking markets?”. Journal of Banking and Finance 25, 5, 891–911.
doi:10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00102-3
Daniel,
E. (1999) “Provision of electronic banking in the UK and the Republic of
Ireland”. International Journal of Bank Marketing 17, 2, 72–82.
doi:10.1108/02652329910258934
Demirguc-Kunt, A., R. Levine, and H.-C. Min
(1998) “Opening to foreign banks. Issues of stability, efficiency, and growth”.
In The implications of globalization of world financial markets. Seongtae Lee,
ed. Seol: Bank of Korea.
Emor (2006) “E-monitoring report”. Available at
http://www.emor.ee/arhiiv.html?id=1371 [in Estonian].
Forrester Research (2003) “The business case
for right-channelling”. June 2003.
Glass,
A. J. and K. Saggi (1998) “International technology transfer and the technology
gap”. Journal of Development Economics 55, 369–398.
doi:10.1016/S0304-3878(98)00041-8
Gruben, W., J. Koo, and R. Moore (1999) “When
does financial liberalization make banks risky? An Empirical Examination of
Argentina, Canada and Mexico”. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, Center for Latin
American Economics Working Paper, 0399.
Gurău, C. (2002) “E-banking in transition
economies: the case of Romania”. Journal of Financial Services Marketing 6, 4,
362–379.
Ilison, O. (2002) Head of e-banking development
in Hansabank. Personal interview. September 2.
Internet World stats (2006). Available at http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Kanaya, A., D. Woo (2001) The Japanese banking
crises of the 1990s: sources and lessons. (Essays in international economics,
222.) New Jersey: Princeton University.
Karjaluoto,
H., M. Mattila, and T. Pento (2002). “Electronic banking in Finland: consumer
beliefs and reactions to a new delivery channel”. Journal of Financial Services
Marketing 6, 4, 346–361.
doi:10.1057/palgrave.fsm.4770064
Kokko,
A. (1994) “Technology, market characteristics and spillovers”. Journal of
Development Economics 43, 279–293.
doi:10.1016/0304-3878(94)90008-6
Measuring (2004) “Measuring and analysing
profit development in the euro area”. ECB Monthly Bulletin (January) 63–73.
Mols,
N. (1998) “The behavioural consequences of PC banking”. International Journal
of Bank Marketing 16, 5, 195–201.
doi:10.1108/02652329810228190
Pohjola,
M. (2002) “The new economy: facts, impacts and policies”. Information Economics
and Policy 14, 133–144.
doi:10.1016/S0167-6245(01)00063-4
Sathye,
M. (1999) “Adoption of internet banking by Australian consumers: an empirical
investigation”. International Journal of Bank Marketing17, 7, 324–224.
doi:10.1108/02652329910305689
Satoshi, M. (2001) Financial moral hazard and
restructuring in russia after the financial crises. (Discussion Paper, 524.)
Japan: Kyoto University.
Stepic, H. (2002) “The strategy of RZB in
Central and Eastern Europe”. SUERF Studies 19, 55–68.
Sõrg, M. and J. Uiboupin (2004) “The
competitiveness of Estonian banks in EU”.In Integration of financial sectors of
Baltic states into the European Union: challenge and experience, 77–116. Mart
Sõrg and Vello Vensel, eds. Tallinn: Ühiselu.
Süld, R. (2002) Head of e-banking in Sampo
Bank. Personal interview. September 6.
Dynamo (2001) = “The dynamo of E-Banking”.
Business Week Online, April 16.
Toomla, R. (2003) Interneti mõju Eesti
Ühispanga finantstulemustele. [The impact of Internet banking on Eesti Ühispank
financial results]. Bachelor’s thesis. University of Tartu.
Uiboupin, J. (2005) Foreign banks in Central
and Eastern European markets: their entry and influence on the banking sector.
(Doctoral dissertation of the Faculty of Economics, 12.) Tartu: Tartu
University Press.