Hydrogenation represents a universal method for producing liquid products from solid fossil fuels. Due to the specific structure of shale organic matter (SOM), shales may be hydrogenated under low hydrogen pressure (<10 MPa). When performing such hydrogenation of enriched Baltic oil shale, 98 % conversion of SOM into liquid and gas products was achieved. A principal route for producing gasoline, diesel and jet fuels as well as chemicals (60 %, on SOM basis) has been developed. Hydrogenation of polymers, which model structural elements of SOM, has been studied as well. The problems of processing and utilizing high-ash solid fuels have been examined.

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