ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1952
 
Proceeding cover
proceedings
of the estonian academy of sciences
ISSN 1736-7530 (Electronic)
ISSN 1736-6046 (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 0.9
Microbiological and chemical properties of shungite water; pp. 361–368
PDF | https://doi.org/10.3176/proc.2022.4.06

Authors
Silver Türk, Tarmo Tamm, Hugo Mändar, Ain Raal, Peeter Laurson, Uno Mäeorg
Abstract

Shungite is used in water filters that remove Escherichia coli from water. The mechanism and spectrum of the antibacterial activity of shungite are not precisely known. In this study, shungite and its dried water extract were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and iodometry. The dried residue of the water extract of shungite was relatively poor in carbon (28.1% in the rock vs 0.5% in the residue), silica (23.9% in the rock vs 0.3% in the residue) and potassium (1.14% vs 0.05%), but rich in sulfur (1.6% vs 21.6%) and some metals, including iron (1.4% vs 10%), aluminum (2.1% vs 5%) and nickel (0.02% vs 1.14%). The survival of Escherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusCandida albicansStreptococcus uberis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in shungite water was measured. Escherichia coliPseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus uberis did not survive for 24 hours in 3:7 shungite water extract, while Staphylococcus aureusCandida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae survived as well as in distilled water. Neutralization of pH did not abolish the bactericidal effect. However, in the presence of nutrients, shungite water did not show bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects.

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