Aluminium foams, produced by the powder metallurgy route, have a high potential for use in weight-sensitive construction parts. The stiffness to weight ratio is the main criterion for material selection in light-weight design. The aim of this study is to evaluate the properties and to optimize the control factors of a powder technique, developed at the Fraunhofer Institute, starting from aluminium powders with titanium hydride as the foaming agent. During the experimental work, many samples were made following the principles of the design of experiment. Then a study of the morphology and distribution of cells and of the walls of the cells was carried out and relative density was measured. Mechanical properties of foam samples were studied by quasi-static compression tests. The final evaluation of the most important features has been made using ANOVA statistical analysis.
1. Banhart, J. Manufacture, characterisation and applications of cellular metals and metal foams. Progr. Mater. Sci., 2001, 46, 559–632.
2. Baumeister, J. et al. US Patent 5,151,246, 1992.
3. Allen, B. C. et al. US Patent 3,087,807, 1963.
4. Baumgartner, F. and Gers, H. Industrialisation of P/M foaming process. In Metal Foams and Porous Metal Structures (Banhart, J., Ashby, M. F. and Fleck, N. A., eds.). Verlag MIT Publishing, Bremen, 1999, 73–78.
5. Duarte, I. and Banhart, J. A study of aluminium foam formation – kinetics and microstructure. Acta Mater., 2000, 48, 2349–2362.
6. Ip, S. W., Wang, Y. and Toguri, J. M. Aluminium foam stabilization by solid particles. Can. Metall. Quart., 1999, 38, 81–92.
7. Arnold, M., Korner, C. and Singer, R. F. PM aluminium foams: stabilizing mechanism and optimisation. In Cellular Metals: Manufacture, Properties, Application (Banhart, J., Fleck, N. A. and Mortensen, A., eds.). Verlag MIT Publishing, Berlin, 2003, 71–76.
8. Baumgartner, F., Duarte, I. and Banhart, J. Industrialization of powder compact foaming process. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2000, 4, 168–174.
9. Lehmus, D. and Banhart, J. Properties of heat treated aluminium foams. Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 349, 98–110.
10. Elbir, S., Yilmaz, S., Toksoy, A. K., Guden, M. and Hall, I. W. SiC-particulate aluminium composite foams produced by powder compacts: foaming and compression behaviour. J. Mater. Sci., 2003, 38, 4745–4755.
11. Costanza, G., Montanari, R. and Tata, M. E. Ottimizzazione del contenuto di TiH2 e SiC nelle schiume di Al. Metall. Ital., 2005, 6, 41–47.
12. Bart-Smith, H., Bastawros, A. F., Mumm, D. R., Evans, A. G., Speck, D. J. and Wadley, N. G. Compressive deformation and yielding mechanism in cellular Al alloys determined using X-ray tomography and surface strain mapping. Acta Mater., 1998, 46, 3583–3592.
13. Miyoshi, T., Itoh, M., Mukai, T., Kanahashi, H., Kohzu, H., Tanabe, S. and Higashi, K. Enhancement of energy absorption in a closed-cell aluminium by the modification of cellular structures. Scr. Mater., 1999, 41, 1055–1060.
14. Ashby, M. F., Evans, A. G., Fleck, N. A., Gibson, L. J., Hutchinson, J. W. and Wadley, H. N. G. Metal Foams: a Design Guide. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston, 2000.
15. Cymat Corp. Standard test method for compressive properties of metal foams. In Technical Manual for Stabilized Aluminium Foam. Ontario, 2002, A5–1.
16. Fusheng, H. and Zhengang, Z. The mechanical behaviour of foamed aluminum.J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, 291–299.
17. Banhart, J. and Baumeister, J. Deformation characteristic of metal foams. J. Mater. Sci., 1998, 33, 1431–1440.
18. Esmaeelzadeh, S., Simchi, A. and Lehmhus, D. Effects of SiC addition on foaming behavior and mechanical properties of AlSi7-TiH2 powder compacts. In Porous Metals and Metal Foaming Technology (Nakajima, H. and Kanetake, N., eds.). The Japan Institute of Metals, Sendai, 2006, 101–106.
19. Gibson, L. J. and Ashby, M. F. Cellular Solids – Structures and Properties. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997.