Oil shales of various rank and origin from China, Estonia and the United States are investigated and their oxidation reactivities under simulated oxy-fuel combustion conditions, in air, and in 100% CO2 atmospheres explored. Independent of rank and origin, as the oil shale pyrolysis temperature increases, the oil shale semi-coke oxidation reactivity decreases. The oxidation reactivities in air and in simulated oxy-fuel oxidation atmospheres for all of the oil shale semi-cokes tested are more or less the same. Oil shale semi-coke oxidation reaction activation energies in an air atmosphere are similar to the activation energies obtained under the simulated oxy-fuel conditions. These findings are useful for optimizing retrofit of current oil shale-fired systems to oxy-fuel combustion conditions, particularly if they are to be fired with oil shale semi-coke from retorting processes.
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