ESTONIAN ACADEMY
PUBLISHERS
eesti teaduste
akadeemia kirjastus
PUBLISHED
SINCE 1984
 
Oil Shale cover
Oil Shale
ISSN 1736-7492 (Electronic)
ISSN 0208-189X (Print)
Impact Factor (2022): 1.9
EVALUATION OF VARIOUS SHALE PROCESSING OPTIONS; pp. 229–238
PDF | doi: 10.3176/oil.2010.3.04

Authors
K. OH, P. TIWARI, M. DEO
Abstract
The organic matter in geological oil shale formation converts into valuable hydrocarbons in the form of gas and vapor products by thermal process known as retorting. Oil production option from oil shale resources has been revived recently since the shortage concerns of oil resources became a global issue critically. Various processes have been proposed in the surface retort­ing as well as in-situ retorting. This study evaluates the energy efficiency during oil production from oil shale in surface retorting options. In fact, a number of process options are available for producing oil from mined shale, such as fluidized bed, fixed bed, rotary kiln retorting. The economic merit of a process option will depend on conversion of organic matter to oil and on energy integration of the process. Options available for energy integration include appropriate preheating, gasification of carbon residue on spent shale, recycling gas. This study helps streamline a protocol for evaluating different processing possibilities for mined oil shale. Once process data are available, this protocol could be used for plant design, cost evaluation and upscaling.
References

  1. Yen, T. F., Chilingar, G. V. Introduction to Oil Shales // In: Oil Shale / Yen, T. F., Chilingar, G. V. (eds.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 1976. P. 1–12.

  2. Lee, S. K. Oil Shale Technology. – Florida: CRC Press, Inc., 1991.

  3. Dyni, J. R. Geology and resources of some world oil-shale deposits // Oil Shale. 2003. Vol. 20, No. 3. P. 193–252.

  4. Mölder, L. Estonian oil shale retorting industry at the crossroads // Oil Shale. 2004. Vol. 21, No. 2.P. 97–98.

  5. Burnham, A., Braun, R. General model of oil shale pyrolysis // In Situ. 1985. Vol. 9, No. 1. P. 1–23.

  6. Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment. An Assessment of Oil Shale Technology. – Washington, D. C., 1980.

  7. Gregoire, C. E. Aspen simulation of a staged fluidized-bed retort. – Proc. 1987 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium. P. 281–289.

  8. Braun, R. L. Mathemathical Modeling of Modified In Situ and Aboveground Oil Shale Retorting. UCRL-53119. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory; 1981.

  9. Smith, J. M., Van Ness, H. C., Abbott, M. M. Introduction to Chemical Engin­eer­ing Thermodynamics. 6th ed. – New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2001.

10. Pan, Z., Feng, H. Y., Smith, J. M. Rates of pyrolysis of Colorado oil shale // AIChE J. 1985.Vol. 31, No. 5.P. 721–728.
doi:10.1002/aic.690310504
Back to Issue