, Ester Oras , Lembi Lõugas, John Meadows, Oliver E. Craig, Alexandre Lucquin This paper gives a systematized overview of different Narva stage sites in Estonia, describing their artefactual and archaeozoological material, and environmental conditions. We demonstrate the diversity of Narva stage settlement types (sites on coastal river estuaries, coast, coastal lagoons, inland river banks and shores of inland lakes) and economy (marine, terrestrial/inland aquatic and mixed subsistence) in the region. A further site-based description of Narva pottery is also provided in order to exemplify the similarities and differences of this earliest pottery type in the eastern Baltic. We also present a comprehensive list of all currently available Narva stage radiocarbon dates from Estonia and Ingermanland (north-western Russia) according to which the Narva-type pottery in the northern part of its distribution area dates to the period c. 5200–3900 cal BC. Additionally, the issues of dating food crust, especially the high risk of reservoir effect offsets, are emphasized. We carried out a comparative study dating contemporaneous food crusts and plant remains and conducting lipid residue analysis employing combined methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, EA-IRMS). The results demonstrate the implications and importance of characterizing lipid residues so that samples with reservoir correction can at least be identified.
Andersen, S. H. 1993. Mesolithic coastal settlement. – Digging into the Past. 25 Years of Archaeology in Denmark. Eds S. Hvass & B. Storgaard. Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries, Aarhus University Press, Copenhagen, 65–69.
Arneborg, J., Heinemeier, J., Lynnerup, N., Nielsen, H. L. & Rud, N. 1999. Change of diet of the Greenland Vikings determined from stable carbon isotope analysis and 14C dating of their bones. – Radiocarbon, 41: 2, 157–168.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200019512
Art, E. 1988. Hülged ja hülgepüük. – Hülgepüük. Hülgepüügi meenutusi möödunud aegadest. Ed. E. Pettai. Eesti Kalurite Koondis, Stockholm, 5–15.
Boaretto, E., Wu, X., Yuan, J., Bar-Yosef, O., Chu, V., Pan, Y., Liu, K., Cohen, D., Jiao, T., Li, S., Gu, H., Goldberg, P. & Weiner, S. 2009. Radiocarbon dating of charcoal and bone collagen associated with early pottery at Yuchanyan Cave, Hunan Province, China. – PNAS, 106: 24, 9595–9600.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900539106
Brazaitis, D. 2002. Narviškos keramikos stiliai Rytų Lietuvoje. – Lietuvos Archeologija, 23, 51–72.
Bronk Ramsey, C. 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. – Radiocarbon, 51, 337–360.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200033865
Bronk Ramsey, C. 2013. OxCal (computer program). Version 4.2. The Manual (available at http://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/oxcal/OxCal.html).
Burenhult, G. 1999. Arkeologi i Norden, 1. Natur och Kultur, Stockolm.
Chernyavskij, M. M. 2012. = Чернявский М. М. Культуры раннего и среднего неолита Белорусского Подвинья. – Материалы и исследования по археологии России и Белоруси. Комплексное исследование и синхронизация култьур эпохи неолита – ранней бронзы Днепровско-Двинского региона. Сборник статей. Ed. Г. Н. Поплевко. Инфинити, Санкт-Петербург.
Craig, O. E., Forster, M., Andersen, S. H., Koch, E., Crombé, P., Milner, N. J., Stern, B., Bailey, G. N. & Heron, C. P. 2007. Molecular and isotopic demonstration of the processing of acquatic products in northern European prehistoric pottery. – Archaeometry, 49: 1, 135–152.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00292.x
Craig, O. E., Steele, V. J., Fischer, A., Hartz, S., Andersen, S. H., Donohoe, P., Glykou, A., Saul, H., Jones, D. M., Koch, E. & Heron, C. P. 2011. Ancient lipids reveal continuity in culinary practices across the transition to agriculture in northern Europe. – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108: 44, 17910–17915.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107202108
Craig, O. E., Saul, H., Lucquin, A., Nishida, Y., Taché, K., Clarke, L., Thompson, A., Altoft, D. T., Uchiyama, J., Ajimoto, M., Gibbs, K., Isaksson, S., Heron, C. P. & Jordan, P. 2013. Earliest evidence for the use of pottery. – Nature, 496, 351–354.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12109
Cramp, L. J. E., Evershed, R. P., Lavento, M., Halinen, P., Mannermaa, K., Oinonen, M., Kettunen, J., Perola, M., Onkamo, P. & Heyd, V. 2014. Neolithic dairy farming at the extreme of agriculture in northern Europe. – Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281: 1791, 1–9.
Czekaj-Zastawny, A., Kabaciński, J. & Terberger, T. 2013. The origin of the Funnel Beaker culture from a southern Baltic coast perspective. – Environment and Subsistence – Forty Years after Janusz Kruk’s “Settlement studies”. Studien zur Archäologie in Ostmitteleuropa / Studia
nad Pradziejami Europy Środkowej, 11. Rzeszów. Eds S. Kadrow & P. Włodarczak. Institute of Archaeology UR & Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn, 409–428.
Czerniak, L. & Pysel, J. 2011. Linear pottery farmers and introduction of pottery in the southern Baltic. – Papers of the Seminar “Early Pottery in the Baltic – Dating, Origin and Social Context”, Schleswig, 20th–21st October 2006. Eds S. F. Lüth & T. Terberger. (Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 2008, 89.) Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Frankfurt a. M., 347–360.
Dumpe, B., Bērziņš, V. & Stilborg, O. 2011. A dialogue across the Baltic on Narva and Ertebølle pottery. – Papers of the Seminar “Early Pottery in the Baltic – Dating, Origin and Social Context”, Schleswig, 20th–21st October 2006. Eds S. Hartz, F. Lüth & T. Terberger. (Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 2008, 89.) Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Frankfurt a. M., 409–441.
Eriksson, G. 2004. Part-time farmers or hard-core sealers? Västerbjers studied by means of stable isotope analysis. – Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 23: 2, 135–162.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2003.12.005
Evershed, R. P., Dudd, S., Lockheart, M. J. & Jim, S. 2001. Lipids in archaeology. – Handbook of Archaeological Sciences. Eds R. Brothwell & A. M. Pollard. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 331–349.
Evershed, R. P., Copley, M. S., Dickson, L. & Hansel, F. A. 2008. Experimental evidence for the processing of marine animal products and other commodities containing polyunsaturated fatty acids in pottery vessels. – Archaeometry, 50, 101–113.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2007.00368.x
Fischer, A. & Heinemeier, J. 2003. Freshwater reservoir effect in 14C dates of food residue on pottery. – Radiocarbon, 45: 3, 449–466.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S003382220003280X
Fischer, A., Olsen, J., Richards, M., Heinemeier, J., Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Á. E. & Bennike, P. 2007. Coast–inland mobility and diet in the Danish Mesolithic and Neolithic: evidence from stable isotope values of humans and dogs. – Journal of Archaeological Science, 34: 12, 2125–2150.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2007.02.028
German, K. É. 2002. = Герман К. Э. Хронология и периодизация культуры сперрингс в Карелии. – Тверской aрхеологический cборник, 5. Ed. И. Н. Черных. Тверской государственный объединенный музей, 264–273.
Girininkas, A. 1985. Narvos kulturos raida. (Lietuvos archeologija, 4.) Vilnius, 119–134.
Girininkas, A. 1994. Baltu kultūros ištakos. Savastis, Vilnius.
Girininkas, A. 2005. Neolitas. – Lietuvos istorija, I. Akmens amžius ir ankstyvasis metalų laikotarpis. Baltos lankos, Vilnius, 103–196.
Girininkas, A. 2009. Akmens amžius. (Lietuvos archeologija, I.) Versus aureus.
Gurina, N. N. 1967. = Гурина Н. Н. Из истории древних племен западных областей СССР (по материалам нарвской экспедиции). (Материалы и исследования по археологии СССР, 144.) Наука, Ленинград.
Haggrén, G., Halinen, P., Lavento, M., Raninen, S. & Wessman, A. 2015. Muinaisuutemme jäljet. Suomen esi- ja varhaishistoria kivikaudelta keskiajalle. Gaudeamus, 15–121.
Hallgren, F. 2004. The introduction of ceramic technology around the Baltic Sea in the 6th millennium. – Coast to Coast, Arrival. Results and Reflections. Ed. H. Knutsson. Uppsala, 123–142.
Hallgren, F. 2008. Identitet i praktik. Lokal, regional och överregionala sociala sammanhang inom nordlig trattbägarkultur. (Coast to Coast Book, 17.) Uppsala.
Hansel, F. A., Copley, M. S., Madureira, L. A. S. & Evershed, R. P. 2004. Thermally produced ω-(o-alkylphenyl)alkanoic acids provide evidence for the processing of marine products in archaeological pottery vessels. – Tetrahedron Letters, 45: 14, 2999–3002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.111
Hartz, S., Kostyleva, E., Piezonka, H., Terberger, T., Tsydenova, N. & Zhilin, M. G. 2012. Hunter-gatherer pottery and charred residue dating: new results on early ceramics in the north Eurasian forest zone. – Radiocarbon, 54: 3–4, 1033–1048.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200047652
Heron, C., Andersen, S., Fischer, A., Glykou, A., Hartz, S., Saul, H., Steele, V. & Craig, O. 2013. Illuminating the Late Mesolithic: residue analysis of “blubber” lamps from northern Europe. – Antiquity, 87, 178–188.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00048705
Heron, C., Craig, O. E., Lucquin, A., Steele, V. J., Thomson, A. & Piličiauskas, G. 2015. Cooking fish and drinking milk? Patterns in pottery use in the southeastern Baltic, 3300–2400 cal BC. – Journal of Archaeological Science, 63, 33–43.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.08.002
Huurre, M. 2003. Viipurin läänin kivikausi. – Viipurin läänin historia, I. Karjalan synty. Ed. M. Saarnisto. Gummerus, Jyväskylä, 151–244.
Ilves, É., Lijva, A. & Punning, Ya.-M. 1974. = Илвес Э., Лийва А. & Пуннинг Я.-М. Радиоуглеродный метод и его применение в четвертичной геологии и археологии Эстонии. Академия наук Эстонской ССР, Таллин.
Indreko, R. 1948. Bemerkungen über die wichtigsten steinzeitlichen Funde in Estland in den Jahren 1937–1943. – Antikvariska Studier, III. (KVHAA Handlingar.) Stockholm, 291–315.
Itkonen, T. 1924. Suomenlahden saarelaisten hylkeenpyynti. – Suomen Museo, XXX (1923), 25–36.
Jaanits, L. 1965. Über die Ergebnisse der Steinzeitforschung in Sowjetestland. – Finskt Museum, LXXII, 5–46.
Jaanits, L. 1968. Die frühneolithische Kultur in Estland. – Congressus secundus internationalis fenno-ugristarum, II. Helsinki, 12–25.
Jaanits, L. 1970. Kultuuri arengupidevusest Eestis üleminekul keskmiselt nooremale kiviajale. – Studia archaeologica in memoriam Harri Moora. Eds M. Schmiedehelm, L. Jaanits & J. Selirand. Valgus, Tallinn, 81–87.
Jaanits, L. 1979. Die neolithische Siedlung Kõnnu auf der Insel Saaremaa. – TATÜ, 28: 4, 363–367.
Jaanits, K. 1995. Two Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic coastal sites of seal hunters in Estonia. – Man and Sea in the Mesolithic. Ed. A. Fischer. Oxbow Books, Oxford, 247–249.
Jaanits, L., Laul, S., Lõugas, S. & Tõnisson, E. 1982. Eesti esiajalugu. Eesti Raamat, Tallinn.
Jennbert, K. 1999. Fångstfolk börjar odla i Skåne. – Arkeologi i Norden, 1. Ed. G. Burenhult. Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, 262–265.
Jennbert, K. 2011. Ertebølle pottery in southern Sweden – a question of handicraft, networks, and creolisation in a period of neolithisation. – Papers of the Seminar “Early Pottery in the Baltic – Dating, Origin and Social Context”, Schleswig, 20th–21st October 2006. Eds S. Hartz, F. Lüth & T. Terberger. (Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 2008, 89.) Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Frankfurt a. M., 89–110.
Jussila, T. & Kriiska, A. 2004a. Ranta-ajoitus Eesti 0-7700 BP ver. 1.2a (6.4.04). Computer program. http://www.dlc.fi/~microlit/vironranta/vironranta.htm
Jussila, T. & Kriiska, A. 2004b. Shore displacement chronology of the Estonian Stone Age. – EJA, 8: 1, 3–32.
Kalm, V. 1996. X-ray diffraction analysis on Neolithic ceramics : An example from the Narva Area, south-eastern coast of the Gulf of Finland. – Coastal Estonia: Recent Advances in Environmental and Cultural History. Eds T. Hackens, S. Hicks & V. Lang. (PACT, 51.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 385–396.
Kalm, K., Kriiska, A. & Aruväli, J. 1997. Mineralogical analysis applied in provenance studies of Estonian Neolithic pottery. – Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology, 46: 1, 16–34.
Keaveney, E. M. & Reimer, P. J. 2012. Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets: A cautionary tale. – Journal of Archaeological Science, 39: 5, 1306–1316.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.025
Kriiska, A. 1995a. Archäologische Ausgrabungen auf dem Standort der ehemaligen Steinzeitsiedlung Kõpu I (Ristipõllu). – TATÜ, 44: 4, 410–416.
Kriiska, A. 1995b. Narva jõe alamjooksu ala neoliitiline keraamika. – Eesti arheoloogia historiograafilisi, teoreetilisi ja kultuuriajaloolisi aspekte. (MT, 3.) Ed. V. Lang. Tallinn, 54–115.
Kriiska, A. 1995c. New Neolithic settlements in Riigiküla. – TATÜ, 44: 4, 448−454.
Kriiska, A. 1996a. Archaeological excavations on the Neolithic site of Riigiküla IV. – TATÜ, 45: 4, 410–419.
Kriiska, A. 1996b. Archaeological studies on the Kõpu Peninsula. – TATÜ, 45: 4, 398–409.
Kriiska, A. 1996c. Stone Age settlements in the lower reaches of the Narva River, north-eastern Estonia. – Coastal Estonia: Recent Advances in Environmental and Cultural History. Eds T. Hackens, S. Hicks & V. Lang. (PACT, 51.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 359–369.
Kriiska, A. 1996d. The Neolithic pottery manufacturing technique of the lower course of the Narva River. – Coastal Estonia: Recent Advances in Environmental and Cultural History. Eds T. Hackens, S. Hicks & V. Lang. (PACT, 51.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 373–384.
Kriiska, A. 1997a. Excavations of the Stone Age Site at Vihasoo III. – AVE, 1996. Stilus, 7. Tallinn, 19–28.
Kriiska, A. 1997b. Kroodi ja Vihasoo III asula Eesti varaneoliitiliste kultuurirühmade kontekstis. – EJA, 1: 7–25.
Kriiska, A. 1999. Formation and development of the Stone Age settlement at Riigiküla, northeastern Estonia. – Environmental and Cultural History of the Eastern Baltic Region. Eds U. Miller, T. Hackens, V. Lang, A. Raukas & S. Hicks. (PACT, 57.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 173–183.
Kriiska, A. 2002. Lääne-Eesti saarte asustamine ja püsielanikkonna kujunemine. – Keskus – tagamaa – ääreala. Uurimusi asustushierarhia ja võimukeskuste kujunemisest Eestis. Ed. V. Lang. (MT, 11.) Ajaloo Instituut, Tartu Ülikool, Tallinn, 29–60.
Kriiska, A. 2003. Colonisation of the west Estonian archipelago. – Mesolithic on the Move. Papers Presented at the Sixth International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe. Eds L. Larsson, H. Kindgren, K. Knutsson, D. Loeffler & A. Åkrelund. Oxbow Books, Stockholm, 20–28.
Kriiska, A. 2004. Aegade alguses. 15 kirjutist kaugemast minevikust. Tallinn.
Kriiska, A. 2008. Savinõude vormimismass. Keraamika uurimise võimalikkusest, III. – Loodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia, 2. Eds L. Jaanits, V. Lang & J. Peets. (MT, 17.) Tallinn, Tartu, 187–208.
Kriiska, A. 2009. The beginning of farming in the Eastern Baltic area. – East European Plain
on the Eve of Agriculture. Eds P. M. Dolukhanov, G. R. Sarson & A. M. Shukurov. (British Archaeological Reports. International Series, 1964.) Archaeopress, Oxford, 159–179.
Kriiska, A. & Lõugas, L. 1999. Late Mesolithic and Early Neolithic seasonal settlement at Kõpu, Hiiumaa Island, Estonia. – Environmental and Cultural History of the Eastern Baltic Region. Eds U. Miller, T. Hackens, V. Lang, A. Raukas & S. Hicks. (PACT, 57.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 157–172.
Kriiska, A. & Lõugas, L. 2009. Stone Age settlement sites on an environmentally sensitive coastal area along the lower reaches of the River Pärnu (south-western Estonia), as indicators of changing settlement patterns, technologies and economies. – Mesolithic Horizons: Papers Presented at the Seventh International Conference on the Mesolithic in Europe. Eds S. McCartan, P. Woodman & R. Schulting. Oxbow Books, Oxford, 167–175.
Kriiska, A. & Nordqvist, K. 2012. Arheoloogilised väljakaevamised Narva-Jõesuu IIa neoliitilisel asulakohal 2010. aastal. – Märgilised mälestised. Uurimusi Narva piirkonna ajaloost. Eds A. Kriiska & M. Ivask. (Narva Muuseumi toimetised, 12.) Narva Muuseum, 14–37.
Kriiska, A. & Tvauri, A. 2007. Viron esihistoria. (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran Toimituksia, 1105.) Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki.
Kriiska, A., Jonuks, T. & Kraas, P. 1999. Eesti muinasesemed. Tartu. http://tutulus.ee/muinasesemed/
Kriiska, A., Lavento, M. & Peets, J. 2005. New AMS dates of the Neolithic and Bronze Age ceramics in Estonia: preliminary results and interpretations. – EJA, 1: 9, 2–31.
Krijska, A. 2003. = Крийска A. Новые результаты исследований нарвской культуры в Эстонии. – Древности Подвинья: исторический аспект. По материалам круглого стола, посвященного памяти А. М. Микляева (6–8 октября 1999 г.). Государственный Эрмитаж, Санкт-Петербург, 84–93.
Krijska, A. 2008. = Крийска A. Приморская адаптация и заселение Западно-Эстонских островов Балтийского моря в каменном веке. – Проблемы биологической и культурной адаптации человеческих популяций. Т. 1. Археология: Адаптационные стратегии древнего населения Северной Евразии: сырье и приемы обработки. Ed. Г. А. Хлопачев. Наука, Санкт-Петербург, 98–118.
Kuzmin, Y. V. 2006. Chronology of the earliest pottery in East Asia: Progress and pitfalls. – Antiquity, 80, 362–371.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00093686
Lang, V. & Kriiska, A. 2001. Eesti esiajaloo periodiseering ja kronoloogia. – EJA, 5: 2, 83–109.
Lanting, J. N. & van der Plicht, J. 1998. Reservoir effects and apparent 14C-ages. – The Journal of Irish Archaeology, IX, 151–164.
Larsson, L. 1997. Coastal settlement during the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in the southernmost part of Sweden. – The Built Environment of Coast Areas during the Stone Age. Ed. D. Król. Gdańsk, 12–22.
Leesment, L. 1931. Kihnlaste hülgepüügist. – Eesti kalandus. Tallinn, 652–659.
Lijva, A. A., Il´ves, É. O. & Yanits, L. Yu. 1965. = Лийва А. А., Ильвес Э. О. & Янитс Л. Ю. Радиоуглеродное датирование некоторых археологических памятников Прибалтики. – Археология и естественные науки. Ed. Б. А. Колчин. Москва, 46–50.
Lõugas, L. 1996. Subfossil fauna complex from Narva region. – Coastal Estonia: Recent Advances in Environmental and Cultural History. Eds T. Hackens, S. Hicks, V. Lang, U. Miller & L. Saarse. (PACT, 51.) Council of Europe, Strassbourg, Rixensart, 397–400.
Lõugas, L. 1997. Post-glacial Development of Vertebrate Fauna in Estonian Water Bodies: A Palaeozoological Study. Tartu University Press.
Lõugas, L. 1999. Postglacial development of fish and seal faunas in the eastern Baltic water systems. – The Holocene History of the European Vertebrate Fauna: Modern Aspects of Research. Ed. N. Benecke. Berlin, 185–200.
Lõugas, L. 2008. Mõnedest mesoliitilistest faunakompleksidest Läänemere idakaldalt. – Loodus, inimene ja tehnoloogia, 2. Eds L. Jaanits, V. Lang & J. Peets. (MT, 17.) Tallinn, Tartu, 253−260.
Lõugas, V. 1982. Beiträge zur Vorgeschichte des Westarchipels Estlands. – TATÜ, 31: 4, 372–376.
Lõugas, L. & Tomek, T. 2013. Marginal effect at the coastal area of Tallinn Bay: The marine, terrestrial and avian fauna as a source of subsistence during the Late Neolithic. – Man, His Time, Artefacts, and Places. Collection of Articles Dedicated to Richard Indreko. Eds K. Johanson & M. Tõrv. (MT, 19.) Tartu, 463−485.
Lõugas, V. & Selirand, J. 1988. Arheoloogiga Eestimaa teedel. Valgus, Tallinn.
Loze, I. A. 1985. = Лозе И. А. Нарвская культура и ее роль в этногенезе народов Восточной Прибалтики. – Проблемы этногенеза и этнической истории балтов: сборник статей. Ed. Р. Волкаитэ-Куликаускиенэ. Мокслас, Вильниюс, 11–20.
Loze, I. A. 1988. = Лозе И. А. Поселения каменного века Лубанской низины. Мезолит, ранний и средний неолит. Зинатне, Рига.
Loze, I. 2000. The Early Neolithic at the Iča settlement site (Lake Lubāna Depression). – Lietuvos Archeologija, 19, 203–219.
Loze, I. A. & Lijva, A. A. 1989. = Лозе И. А. & Лийва A. A. Хронология раннего неолита Восточной Прибалтики (по материалам поселений). – Latvijas PSR Zinātņu Akadēmijas Vēstis, 2 (499), 50–67.
Luho, V. 1957. Frühe Kammkeramik. – Studia Neolithica in honorem Aarne Äyräpää. Ed. C. F. Meinander. (SMYA, 58.) Helsinki, 141–159.
Marcinkevičiūtė, E. 2005. Narvos kultūros pietinė riba. – Lietuvos Archeologija, 29, 179–202.
Mikšaitė, S. 2005. Production of ceramics of Narva Culture (reconstruction based on experimental archaeology). – EJA, 9: 1, 60–72.
Moora, H. Jr. & Lõugas, L. 1995. Natural conditons at the time of primary habitation of Hiiumaa Island. – TATÜ, 44: 4, 472–481.
Müller, J. 2011. Early pottery in the North – a southern perspective. – Papers of the Seminar “Early Pottery in the Baltic – Dating, Origin and Social Context”, Schleswig, 20th–21st October 2006. Eds S. Hartz, F. Lüth & T. Terberger. (Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 2008, 89.) Römisch-Germanische Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Frankfurt
a. M., 291–299.
Nakamura, T., Taniguchi, Y., Tsuji, S. & Oda, H. 2001. Radiocarbon dating of charred residues on the earliest pottery in Japan. – Radiocarbon, 43: 2B, 1129–1138.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200041783
Nordqvist, K. & Kriiska, A. 2015. Towards Neolithisation. The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition
in the central area of the eastern part of the Baltic Sea. – The Dąbki Site in Pomerania and the Neolithisation of the North European Lowlands (c. 5000–3000 calBC). Eds J. Kabaciński, S. Hartz, C. M. Daan, D. C. M. Raemaekers & T. Terberger. (Archäologie und Geschichte im Ostseeraum, 8.) Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH. Rahden/Westf., Leidorf, 537−556.
Nordqvist, K., Kriiska, A. & Gerasimov, D. 2015. Reorganisation of the Stone Age societies in the eastern part of the Baltic Sea in the 4th millennium cal BC: Settlement structures, subsistence strategy and communication networks. – Papers. IV Northern Archaeological Congress. Ekaterinburg, Khanty-Mansiisk, 132–153.
Nuñez, M. 1990. On Subneolithic pottery and its adoption in Late Mesolithic Finland. – Fennoscandia archaeologica, VII, 27–52.
Olsen, J., Heinemeier, J., Lübke, H., Lüth, F. & Erberger, T. 2010. Dietary habits and freshwater reservoir effects in bones from a Neolithic NE German cemetery. – Radiocarbon, 52: 2, 635–644.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200045665
Oras, E., Lucquin, A., Lõugas, L., Tõrv, M., Kriiska, A. & Craig, O. E. 2017. The adoption of pottery by north-east European hunter-gatherers: Evidence from lipid residue analysis. – Journal of Archaeological Science, 78, 112–119.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.11.010
Paaver, K. 1965. = Паaвер К. Формирование териофауны и изменчивость млекопитающих Прибалтики в голоцене. Академия наук Эстонской ССР, Тарту.
Paaver, T. & Lõugas, L. 2003. Origin and history of the fish fauna in Estonia. – Fishes of Estonia. Eds E. Ojaveer, E. Pihu & T. Saat. Tallinn, 28–46.
Pesonen, P., Oinonen, M., Carpelan, C. & Onkamo, P. 2012. Early subneolithic ceramic sequences in eastern Fennoscandia – a Bayesian approach. – Radiocarbon, 54: 3–4, 661–676.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200047330
Pesti, O. & Rikas, K. 1991. Saaremaa ajaloo- ja kultuurimälestised. Kaitstavad mälestised. Olion, Tallinn.
Philippsen, B. 2013. The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating. – Heritage Science, 1: 1, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-7445-1-24
Philippsen, B. & Heinemeier, J. 2013. Freshwater reservoir effect variability in northern Germany. – Radiocarbon, 55: 2–3, 1085–1101.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200048001
https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16065
Philippsen, B. & Meadows, J. 2014. Inland Ertebølle Culture: the importance of aquatic resources and the freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dates from pottery food crusts. ‘Human Exploitation of Aquatic Landscapes’ special issue. Eds R. Fernandes & J. Meadows. (Internet Archaeology, 37.)
Piezonka, H. 2008. Neue AMS-Daten zur frühneolithischen Keramikentwicklung in der nordosteuropäischen Waldzone. – EJA, 12: 2, 67–113.
https://doi.org/10.3176/arch.2008.2.01
Piezonka, H. 2012. Stone Age hunter-gatherer ceramics of north-eastern Europe: new insights into the dispersal of an essential innovation. – Documenta Praehistorica, 39, 23–51.
https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.39.2
Piezonka, H. 2015. Jäger, Fischer, Töpfer. Wildbeutergruppen mit früher Keramik in Nordosteuropa im 6. und 5. Jahrtausend v. Chr. (Archäologie in Eurasien, 30.) Hebert-Verlag, Bonn.
Piezonka, H., Kostyleva, E., Zhilin, M. G., Dobrovolskaya, M. & Terberger, T. 2013. Flesh or fish? First results of archaeometric research of prehistoric burials from Sakhtysh IIa, Upper Volga region, Russia. – Documenta Praehistorica, 40: 1, 57–73.
https://doi.org/10.4312/dp.40.6
Piezonka, H., Meadows, J., Hartz, S., Kostyleva, E., Nedomolkina, N., Ivanishcheva, M., Kozorukova, N. & Terberger, T. 2016. Stone Age pottery chronology in the northeast European forest zone: new AMS and EA-IRMS results on foodcrusts. – Radiocarbon.
https://doi.org/10.1017/RDC.2016.13
Piličiauskas, G. 2002. Dubičių tipo gyvenvietės ir neolitinė Nemuno kultūra Pietų Lietuvoje. – Lietuvos Acheologija, 23, 107–136.
Piličiauskas, G. & Heron, C. 2015. Aquatic radiocarbon reservoir offsets in the southeastern Baltic. – Radiocarbon, 57: 4, 539–556.
https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18447
Reimer, P. J., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Haflidason, H., Hajdas, I., Hatte, C., Heaton, T. J., Hoffmann, D. L., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Manning, S. W., Niu, M., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Scott, E. M., Southon, J. R., Staff, R. A., Turney, C. S. M. & van der Plicht, J. 2013. IntCal13 and Marine13 radiocarbon age calibration curves 0-50,000 years cal BP. – Radiocarbon, 55: 4, 1111–1150.
https://doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.55.16947
Rosentau, A., Veski, S., Kriiska, A., Aunap, R., Vassiljev, J., Saarse, L., Hang, T., Heinsalu, A. & Oja, T. 2011. Palaeogeographic model for the SW Estonian coastal zone of the Baltic Sea. – The Baltic Sea Basin. Central and Eastern European Development Studies. Eds J. Harff, S. Björck & P. Hoth. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 165–188.
Rosentau, A., Muru, M., Kriiska, A., Subetto, D., Vassiljev, J., Hang, T., Gerasimov, D., Nordqvist, K., Ludikova, A., Lõugas, L., Raig, H., Kihno, K., Aunap, R. & Letyka, N. 2013. Stone Age settlement and Holocene shore displacement in the Narva-Luga Klint Bay area, eastern Gulf of Finland. – Boreas, 42: 4, 912–931.
https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12004
Ryabchuk, D., Zhamoida, V., Amantov, A., Sergeev, A., Gusentsova, T., Sorokin, P., Kulkova, M. & Gerasimov, D. 2016. Development of the coastal systems of the easternmost Gulf of Finland, and their links with Neolithic–Bronze and Iron Age settlements. – Geological Society London Special Publications, 41, 51–76.
https://doi.org/10.1144/SP411.5
Saarse, L., Heinsalu, A. & Veski, S. 2009. Litorina Sea sediment of ancient Vääna lagoon, northwestern Estonia. – Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 58 (1), 85–93.
https://doi.org/10.3176/earth.2009.1.08
Shevkomud, I. Ya. & Yanshina, O. V. 2012. = Шевкомуд И. Я. & Яншина О. В. Начало неолита в Приамурье: поселение Гончарка-1. Рос. акад. наук, Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера), Санкт-Петербург.
Sommer, R., Benecke, N., Lõugas, L., Nelle, O. & Schmölcke, U. 2011. Holocene survival of the wild horse in Europe: a matter of open landscape? – Journal of Quaternary Science, 26: 8, 805–812.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1509
Stuiver, M. & Braziunas, T. F. 1993. Modelling atmospheric 14C influences and 14C ages of marine samples to 10,000 BC. – Radiocarbon, 35, 137–189.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200013874
Taylor, R. E., Stuiver, M. & Reimer, P. J. 1996. Development and extension of the calibration
of the radiocarbon time scale: archaeological applications. – Quaternary Science Reviews, 15: 7, 655–668.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(96)00024-8
Timofeev, V. I. 1989. = Тимофеев В. И. О локальных вариантах нарвской неолитической культуры. – Тезисы докладов конференции “Нарва, Ивангород, Принаровье: воздействия культур. История и археология”. Нарвский городской музей, 9–11.
Torvinen, M. 2000. Säräisniemi 1 Ware. – Fennoscandia Archaeologica, XVII, 3–35.
Vahur, S., Kriiska, A. & Leito, I. 2011. Investigation of the adhesive residue on the flint insert and the adhesive lump found from the Pulli Early Mesolithic settlement site (Estonia) by micro-ATR-FT-IR spectroscopy. – EJA, 15: 1, 3–17.
Vaneeckhout, S., Okkonen, J. & Costopoulos, A. 2012. Paleoshorelines and prehistory on the eastern Bothnian Bay coast (Finland): Local environmental variability as a trigger for social change. – Polar Geography, 35: 1, 51–63.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1088937X.2012.662536
Vankina, L. V., Zagorskis, F. A. & Loze, I. A. 1973. = Ванкина Л. В., Загорскис Ф. А. & Лозе И. А. Неолитические племена Латвии. – Этнокультурные общности лесной и лесостепной зоны европейской части СССР в эпоху неолита. (Материалы и исследования по археологии СССР, 172.) Ленинград, 210–217.
Vitenkova, I. F. 2012. = Витенкова И. Ф. Памятники каменного века Северного Приладожья: каталог. Карельский научный центр РАН, Петрозаводск, 2012.
Yanits, L. 1976. = Янитс Л. Раскопки неолитическoго поселения Кяэпа. – TATÜ, 25: 1, 45–48.
Yanits, L. Yu. 1966. = Янитс Л. Ю. Новые данные по мезолиту Эстонии. (Материалы и исследования по археологии СССР, 126.) Москва, Ленинград, 114–123.
Yanits, L. Yu. 1984. = Янитс Л. Ю. Paнненеолитические культурные группы в Эстонии. – Новое в археологии CCCP и Финляндии. Докл. третьего сов. финлянд. симпоз. по вопр. aрхеологии 11–15 мая 1981 г. Ленинград. Ленинград, 17–21, 212–213.
Zagorskis, F. 1973. Agrais neolīts Latvijas austrumdaļā. – Latvijas PSR Zinātņu Akadēmijas Vēstis, 4, 56–69.
Zhulnikov, A., Tarasov, A. & Kriiska, A. 2012. Discrepancies between conventional and AMS-dates from complexes with asbestos and porous ware – a probable result of ‘reservoir effect’? – Fennoscandia Archaeologica, 29, 125–132.
