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Pérez-Harguindeguy, N., Díaz, S., Garnier, E., Lavorel, S., Poorter, H., Jaureguiberry, P., Bret-Harte, M. S., Cornwell, W. K., Craine, J. M., Gurvich, D. E., Urcelay, C., Veneklaas, E. J., Reich, P. B., Poorter, L., Wright, I. J., Ray, P., Enrico, L., Pausas, J. G., Vos, A. C. de, Buchmann, N., Funes, G., Quétier, F., Hodgson, J. G., Thompson, K., Morgan, H. D., ter Steege, H., van der Heijden, M. G. A., Sack, L., Blonder, B., Poschlod, P., Vaieretti, M. V., Conti, G., Staver, A. C., Aquino, S., Cornelissen, J. H. C. 2013. New Handbook for standardized measurment of plant functional traits worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 61(3), 167−234.
https://doi.org/10.1071/bt12225
Puglielli, G., Carmona, C. P., Varone, L., Laanisto, L., & Ricotta, C. 2022. Phenotypic dissimilarity index: Correcting for intra- and interindividual variability when quantifying phenotypic variation. Ecology, 103(11).
https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3806
Pärtel, M., Carmona, C. P., Zobel, M., Moora, M., Riibak, K., Tamme, R. 2019. DarkDivNet – A global research collaboration to explore the dark diversity of plant communities. Journal of Vegetation Science, 30(5), 1039−1043.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12798
Reich, P. B., Wright, I. J., Bares, J. C., Craine, J. M., Oleksyn, J., Walters, M. B., Journal, I., Reich, P. B., Westoby, M. 2003. The evolution of plant functional variation: traits, spectra, and strategies. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 164(S3), S143−S164.
https://doi.org/10.1086/374368
Reich, P. B. 2014. The world-wide ‘fast–slow’ plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto. Journal of Ecology, 102(2), 275−301.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12211
Rodríguez-Alarcón, S., Tamme, R., Carmona, C. P. 2022. Intraspecific trait changes in response to drought lead to trait convergence between − but not within − species. Functional Ecology, 36(8), 1900−1911.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14099
Rodríguez-Caro, R., Graciá, E., Blomberg, S., Cayuela, H., Grace, M., Carmona, C. P., Pérez-Mendoza, H., Giménez, A., Salguero-Gómez, R. 2023. Anthropogenic impacts on threatened species erode functional diversity in c-helonians and crocodilians. Nature Communications, 14, 1542.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37089-5
Silvestre, M., Carmona, C. P., Azcárate, F. M., Seoane, J. 2021. Diverging facets of grassland ant diversity along a Mediterranean elevational gradient. Ecological Entomology, 46(6), 1301−1314.
https://doi.org/10.1111/EEN.13077
Toussaint, A., Brosse, S., Bueno, C. G., Pärtel, M., Tamme, R., Carmona, C. P. 2021. Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world. Nature Communications, 12(1), 5162.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25293-0
Toussaint, A., Pärtel, M., Carmona, C. P. 2024. Contrasting impacts of non-native and threatened species on morphological, life history, and phylogenetic diversity in bird assemblages. Ecology Letters, 27(2), e14373.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14373
Trindade, Diego P. F., Carmona, C. P., Pärtel, M. 2020. Temporal lags in -observed and dark diversity in the Anthropocene. Global Change Biology, 26(6), 3193−3201.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15093
Trindade, Diego P. F., Carmona, C. P., Reitalu, T., Pärtel, M. 2023. Observed and dark diversity dynamics over millennial time scales: fast life-history traits linked to expansion lags of plants in northern Europe. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 290, 20221904.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1904
Trindade, Diego P. F., Pärtel, M., Carmona, C. P., Randlane, T., Nascimbene, J. 2021. Integrating dark diversity and functional traits to enhance nature conservation of epiphytic lichens: a case study from Northern Italy. Biodiversity and Conservation, 30(8–9), 2565−2579.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02211-w
Weigelt, A., Mommer, L., Andraczek, K., Iversen, C. M., Bergmann, J., Bruelheide, H., Fan, Y., Freschet, G. T., Guerrero-Ramírez, N. R., Kattge, J., Kuyper, T. W., Laughlin, D. C., Meier, I. C., van der Plas, F., Poorter, H., Roumet, C., van Ruijven, J., Sabatini, F. M., Semchenko, M., Sweeney, C. J., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., York, L. M., McCormack, M. L. 2021. An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective. New Phytologist, 232(1), 42−59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/NPH.17590
Weigelt, A., Mommer, L., Andraczek, K., Iversen, C. M., Bergmann, J., Bruelheide, H., Freschet, G. T., Guerrero-Ramírez, N. R., Kattge, J., Kuyper, T. W., Laughlin, D. C., Meier, I. C., van der Plas, F., Poorter, H., Roumet, C., van Ruijven, J., Sabatini, F. M., Semchenko, M., Sweeney, C. J., Valverde-Barrantes, O. J., York, L. M., & McCormack, M. L. 2023. The importance of trait selection in ecology. Nature, 618, E29−E30.
https://doi.org/10.1038/S41586-023-06148-8
Wilson, J. B., Peet, R. K., Dengler, J., Pärtel, M. 2012. Plant species richness: The world records. Journal of Vegetation Science, 23(4), 796−802.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01400.x
Wong, M. K. L., Carmona, C. P. 2021. Including intraspecific trait variability to avoid distortion of functional diversity and ecological inference: Lessons from natural assemblages. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 12(5), 946−957.
https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.13568
Wright, I. J., Reich, P. B., Westoby, M., Ackerly, D. D., Baruch, Z., Bongers, F., Cavender-Bares, J., Chapin, T., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Diemer, M., Flexas, J., Garnier, E., Groom, P. K., Gulias, J., Hikosaka, K., Lamont, B. B., Lee, T., Lee, W., Lusk, C., Midgley, J. J., Navas, M-L., Niinemets, U., Oleksyn, J., Osada, N., Poorter, H., Poot, P., Prior, L., Pyankov, V. I., Roumet, C., Thomas, S. C., Tjoelker, M. G., Veneklaas, E. J., Villar, R. 2004. The worldwide leaf economics spectrum. Nature, 428, 821−827.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02403
