In his benchmarking article of 1940 on Michel Sittow, historian Paul Johansen not only discussed the identity of the famous painter, but also surveyed his immediate family and kin, including Michel’s maternal grandfather Olef Molner, who had probably arrived to Tallinn from Finland. The authors of this article will take a fresh look at Finnish and Tallinn late medieval sources in order to conduct an in-depth study of Olef Molner’s life and activities and assess if Johansen’s arguments were solid. The article will also shed new light on how close the socio-economic connections between Finland and Tallinn were in the Middle Ages and how the newcomers became part of various transgenerational networks.
1. J. O. Hand, G. Koppel, T.-H. Borchert, A. Mänd, A. van Suchtelen, M. Weniger. Michel Sittow: Estonian Painter at the Courts of Renaissance Europe. National Gallery of Art, Washington; Art Museum of Estonia, Tallinn. Yale University Press, New Haven, 2017.
2. In this article, we use modern place names. The historical German or Swedish equivalent is given in parentheses.
3. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, Hofmaler der Königin Isabella von Kastilien und Bürger von Reval. – Jahrbuch der Preussischen Kunstsammlungen, 61. Berlin, 1940, 1–36.
4. See, for example, J. Trizna. Michel Sittow: Peintre revalais de l’école brugeoise (1468–1525/1526). Centre national de recherches “Primitifs flamands”, Bruxelles, 1976; R. Rebas. Der Maler Michel Sittow. Sonderdruck aus Beiträge zur Geschichte der Baltischen Kunst. W. Schmitz, Giessen, 1988; M. Weniger. Sittow, Morros, Juan de Flandes. Drei Maler aus dem Norden am Hof Isabellas von Kastilien. Ludwig, Kiel, 2011, 39–164.
5. A. Mänd. Michel Sittow and Reval (Tallinn): A New Look at Records in the Tallinn City Archives. – Michel Sittow 1469–1525: The Artist Connecting Estonia with the Southern Netherlands. Ed. by T. Abel. Art Museum of Estonia, Tallinn, 2001, 3–13; A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas. – Acta Historica Tallinnensia, 2018, 24, 24–48;
https://doi.org/10.3176/hist.2018.1.02
A. Mänd. Naine keskaegses Tallinnas: Michel Sittowi ema. – Horisont, 2019, 2, 60–64.
6. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 6–7.
7. Ibid., 4–7.
8. Tallinn City Archives (hereafter TLA), 230.1.Aa 35b, fol. 28r. Olef Junior was dead by 1489 (ibid., fol. 173r). Archival documents from the town council’s collection (230) will be hereafter referred to according to their number only.
9. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 6.
10. A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 30–31, 38.
11. Das Revaler Bürgerbuch 1409–1624. Hrsg. von O. Greiffenhagen. Reval, 1932, 15; P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 7. See, for example, J. Trizna. Michel Sittow: Peintre revalais de l’école brugeoise, 3; E. Kõks. Michel Sittow: A Painter from Tallinn. – Journal of Baltic Studies 1978, 9, 1, 33, 41; A. Mänd. Michel Sittow and Reval (Tallinn), 5; A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 25.
12. For Johansen, see J. Kivimäe. Paul Johansen 1939. aastal. – Tuna: Ajalookultuuri ajakiri 2019, 3, 62–71, 70; J. Kivimäe. Paul Johansen: The Identity of a Historian. – Denmark and Estonia 1219–2019: Selected Studies on Common Relations. Ed. by J. E. Olesen. [Universität Greifswald], Greifswald, 2019, 241–264; J. Kivimäe. Paul Johanseni elu ja töö. – Paul Johansen: Kaugete aegade sära. Ed. by J. Kivimäe. (Eesti mõttelugu, 65.) Ilmamaa, Tartu, 2006, 506–521.
13. The authors of the article have highlighted key information using bold.
14. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 5, 7.
15. Ibid., 23. Johansen translated bilde as Holzskulpturen, which is certainly correct although the Low German word bild could also refer to a painted picture. However, the latter was in the first half of the sixteenth century usually referred to as gemalet bild or tafel. See A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 36, note 93.
16. Diplomatarium Fennicum: Database of Finnish medieval documents (hereafter DF), no. 6703. Available at: http://df.narc.fi/. The fact that the castellan is in the letter referred to as “her houetman”, but in the heading as “der vaghet” implies that even the council knew the Swedish regent Sten Sture the Younger had trusted Raasepori to the custody of Nils Eriksson (Banér) in the winter of 1514/15, the letter was sent to his substitute to act in case Nils was out of the bailiwick. T. Salminen. The Castellans of Raseborg 1373–1558. – New Approaches to the Raseborg Castle. Ed. by J. Harjula, T. Heinonen, M. Holappa, T. Knuutinen. Suomen keskiajan arkeologian seura, Turku (forthcoming).
17. T. Salminen. The Castellans of Raseborg 1373–1558; T. Salminen. Uusmaalaisten Tallinnanperinnöt 1350–1560 = Uusimaalaste Tallinna-pärandused 1350.–1560. aastal. – Padise ja Vantaa: Keskaja sild Padise ja Vantaa vahel = Keskiajan silta Padisen ja Vantaan välillä. Ed. by E. Russow. Padise Vallavalitsus, Vantaan kaupunki ja historiatoimikunta, Tallinn, 2012, 184–257; T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika. Vantaan kaupunki, 2013, 311–378. See also G. Kerkkonen. De nyländska Revalsarven under 1500-talet. – Nyländska Studier, 2. (Historiska och Litteraturhistoriska Studier, 24). Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors, 1949, 150, 153; G. Kerkkonen. Finnland – natürliches nördliches Hinterland Revals durch Jahrhunderte. – Wirtschaftliche und soziale Strukturen im saekularen Wandel: Festschrift für Wilhelm Abel zum 70. Geburtstag. Bd. 2, Die vorindustrielle Zeit: Außeragrarische Probleme. Hrsg. von I. Bog. Schaper, Hannover, 1974, 518–543; P. Johansen, H. von zur Mühlen. Deutsch und Undeutsch im mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Reval. (Ostmitteleuropa in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart, 15.) Böhlau, Köln, Wien, 1973, 101–102.
18. T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 122–123; T. Heinonen. The Social and Material World of Medieval and Early Modern (c. 1200–1650) Villages in Southern Finland. (Archaeologia medii aevi finlandiae, XXVIII.) Society of Medieval Arhaeology in Finland, Helsinki 2021, 205–209.
19. TLA, Aa 14, pag. 49; DF 6703. See also A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 36. It is not absolutely certain that the letter concerns Michel Sittow: there was another painter called Michel, active in Tallinn from 1488 to 1518 (A. Mänd, Michel Sittow and Reval, 8). However, the Finnish connections of Sittow’s grandfather support the assumption that the Michel meler in the letter was Sittow.
20. A. Mänd. Michel Sittow and Reval (Tallinn), 8–9; M. Weniger. Sittow, Morros, Juan de Flandes, 44–46. As far as it is known, no such letter of Michel has survived.
21. A. Mänd. Michel Sittow and Reval (Tallinn), 4.
22. On Johansen, see: BBLd, Johansen, Paul Wulff, Historiker, https://bbld.de/dbbl/358/ (4.10.2021); J. Kivimäe. Paul Johansen: The Identity of a Historian, 241–264. On discussion of Johansen’s work see also H. Weczerka. Paul Johansen (1901–1965), Hanse- und Osteuropahistoriker. Bemerkungen zu einer neuen Publikation. – Hansische Gesichtsblätter, 2012, 130, 211–223; A. Selart. Kes ei rajanud Tallinna? Paul Johansen, võitlus normannismiga ja Eesti ajalugu. – Vana Tallinn 28 (32). Tallinna Linnaarhiiv, Tallinn, 2017, 147–169.
23. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 7, note 1.
24. Cf. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 7–8.
25. J. Knuutila. Soturi, kuningas, pyhimys: Pyhän Olavin kultti osana kristillustymistä Suomessa 1200-luvun alkupuolelta 1500-luvun puoliväliin. SKS, Helsinki, 2010, 384–390, 404–411. For the cult of St Olaf in medieval Livonia, in particular in Tallinn, see A. Mänd. The Cult and Visual Representation of Scandinavian Saints in Medieval Livonia. – Saints and Sainthood around the Baltic Sea: Identity, Literacy, and Communication in the Middle Ages. Ed. by C. S. Jensen, T. R. Sands, N. H. Petersen, K. V. Jensen, T. M. S. Lehtonen. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 2018, 102–119.
26. T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 382–391.
27. A. Maliniemi. Olav den hellige, Finland. – Kulturhistoriskt lexikon för nordisk medeltid, 12, 567–568.
28. T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 334–335, 338, 399–400. Olof Andersson of Forsby was also probably the Olof Anderson who sat in the twelve-man jury of the parish court in 1509 (DF 5388).
29. E. Anthoni. Finlands medeltida frälse och 1500-tals adel. (Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, 442.) Helsingfors, 1970, 142, 377, 398; M. Kallioinen. Kauppias, kaupunki, kruunu. Turun porvariyhteisö ja talouden organisaatio varhaiskeskiajalta 1570-luvulle. (Biblioteca historica, 59.) SKS, Helsinki, 2000, 289, 300.
30. Revaler Geleitsbuch-Bruchstücke. Ed. by Paul Johansen. (Publikationen aus dem Revaler Stadtarchiv, 4.) Reval, 1929, no. 893: Olaf Andirsson h. sect a Mychaelis u. pasce (29.09.1398–30.03.1399), no. 920: Olaf Andirsson van Lasvorn a nat. b. virg. u. Mychaelis (8.09.–29.09.1399; also published as DF 1623). In his index for the Geleitsbuch-Bruchstücke, pp. 75 and 82, Paul Johansen has identified the two Olaf Andirssons as Anders Clemetsson’s son Olof and suggested Lasvorn referring to a place close to Viborg. The toponym is however yet undecipherable.
31. DF 1870. In the letter, the seized property is registered by the four owners as: Int irste Laurens Mølner ij thunnen zoltes unde andere klenode;Tordy Joensson ij thunnen zoltes, ij thunnen beyrs unde j swert; Oloff And[r]asson ij thunnen zoltes, ij thunnen beyrs, i[½] thunne appele, j verdendel sypollen unde syne kledere; unde Jacob Laurensson ij thunnen beyrs, j thunne zoltes unde andere have.
32. Klaus Lydekesson’s missive has survived both in Swedish original (DF 1651) where Olof Andersson’s name is written Olaff Andersson, and in a contemporary Middle Low German translation (DF 1874) where the name is written Oleff Andersson. On kavas, see Kavaskorn (Gunvor Kerkkonen). – Kulturhistoriskt lexikon för nordisk medeltid, 8. 2nd edn., 1981. Rosenkilde of Bagger, Denmark, 369.
33. DF 1876.
34. DF 1870. Since both references of his name in the correspondence are found in Middle Low German letters of the councils of Tallinn and Turku, not much proof for his ethnicity can be found on the German word Molner; in the correspondence between Finland and Tallinn personal names or even toponyms written in Swedish were sometimes translated to the Middle Low German without trouble. T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 130–132, 381.
35. Revaler Geleitsbuch-Bruchstücke, no. 1063: Item Oleff Andersson is gel. wente passche.
36. Liv-, Est-und Kurländisches Urkundenbuch (hereafter LEKUB). Vol. 8. Hrsg. von H. Hildebrand. J. Deubner. Riga, Moscow, 1884, no. 239. On Voet, see Hanserecesse, Abt. 1, vol. 8, Hansetage von 1426–1430. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig, 1897, xvii–xviii.
37. Das drittälteste Erbebuch der Stadt Reval 1383–1458 (hereafter EB 3). Hrsg. von E. von Nottbeck. (Revaler Stadtbücher, 3). Franz Kluge, Reval, 1892, no. 908.
38. TLA, Aa 4a, fol. 44r: Oleff Moller ... disse hebben gebruwen buten der selsscopp. Since Olef’s name is crossed out, he apparently had paid his fine (3 gulden), but this entry is later amended to: Olff Molner – 3 gulden van den keller. On fol. 44r, there are two other entries on him: It. Oleff Moeller 1 wedde van dar aff dat he der derne de vlechten affsneet to vastellauende. It. Oleff Moller en wedde van 2 kelren de he let vpholden. Johansen (Meister Michel Sittow, 7) has placed the incident of cutting the pigtails to 1445, but the right year is 1444.
39. TLA, Aa 4a, fol. 47v (1450): It. Oleff Moeller 1 wedde van dat he den plesscoueren perde heuet vorkofft; fol. 50r (1453): It. Oleff Moeller (twice!) … hebben geweddet uan vorkopen van drogen visschen etc.; fol. 51r: It. Oleff Moeller 1 wedde uan kopende er et vppt market kquam. ... It. Oleff Moeller 1 wedde uan kornekope.
40. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 7, note 2.
41. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 7, note 2; Kämmereibuch der Stadt Reval 1432–1463. Bearb. von R. Vogelsang. (Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, NF, 22/1–2.) Böhlau, Köln, Wien, 1976, no. 1064, 1051.
42. TLA, Aa 4a, fol. 42v (1442): It. Oleff Molner 1 wedde uan korne vor winachten gekofft vnd vtgerort; fol. 46r (1446): It. Oleff Moeller j wedde van kornekope uor winachten und uan doblende vmme de lotteren. ... It. Oleff Moeller … ilk en hadde uan kornekoepen uorkopen in der hauene buten den tunne etc.; fol. 43v (1444): It. Oleff Moller … disse bruweden inder wekene uor sunte mertin vnd sin nicht gescr. inde sellscop; fol. 52r (1455): It. Oleff Moeller (above: bekerwerter) 1 wedde uan roggekope 10 mr.; fol. 52v (1456): Jacob myt Oleff Molner 1 wedde gedan dat he buten den tunne gekopslaget heuet.
43. TLA, Aa 4a, fol. 58r (1468): It. Oleff Molner geweddet dat he synen visch nicht hadde lathen wraken. ... Oleff Molner geweddet dat he korn gekofft hadde vor wynnachten dat he wedder verkopen wolde; fol. 55v (1463): It. des vridages na Ascensionis domini do mededen dar vmme dat se yn de Swedeschen schepe stegen weren er de anckere geuellet were Oleff Molners zone vnd syn junghe.
44. Kämmereibuch der Stadt Reval 1432–1463, no. 960, 1024; Kämmereibuch der Stadt Reval 1463–1507. Bearb. von R. Vogelsang. (Quellen und Darstellungen zur hansischen Geschichte, NF, 27/1–2.) Böhlau, Köln, Wien, 1983, no. 1640.
45. TLA, 190.1.60. For this account book, see A. Mänd. Tallinna Kanuti gild ja selle oldermannid keskajal. – Modus vivendi II. Vana Tallinn 16 (20). Estopol, Tallinn, 2005, 132; A. Mänd. Geselligkeit und soziale Karriere in den Revaler Gilden und Schwarzhäupterbruderschaft. – Vereinskultur und Zivilgesellschaft in Nordosteuropa. Regionale Spezifik und europäische Zusammenhänge = Associational Culture and Civil Society in North Eastern Europe. Regional Features and the European Context. Ed. by J. Hackmann. Böhlau, Wien etc., 2012, 59.
https://doi.org/10.7788/boehlau.9783412215293.39
46. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 5v.
47. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 16v.
48. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 35r (1471), 37v (Christmas 1473/74), 38r (Shrovetide 1474). Olef Molner Jr is last mentioned in the guild book in 1483, but it is not certain if he was still alive at that time. Ibid., fol. 51r: It. noch entfangen 100 mr. van Oloff Mollers wegen to den almissen.
49. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 12r. There were altogether four colvendregers.
50. E.g., in 1474–75 bisitter Ebbelink van Arenstede and bisitter Ebbelink goltsmit. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 37v–38r.
51. E. von Nottbeck. Die alten Schragen der Grossen Gilde zu Reval. Kluge & Ströhm, Reval, 1885, 48, art. 70. See also A. Mänd. Membership and Social Career in Tallinn Merchants’ Guilds. – Guilds, Towns, and Cultural Transmission in the North, 1300–1500. Ed. by L. Bisgaard, L. B. Mortensen, T. Pettitt. University Press of Southern Denmark, Odense, 2013, 231.
52. A. Mänd. Geselligkeit und soziale Karriere in den Revaler Gilden, 65.
53. See A. Mänd. Membership and Social Career in Tallinn Merchants’ Guilds, 232–235.
54. EB 3, no. 1209; L. Tiik. Väljavõtteid Tallinna vanimatest kinnisturaamatutest. Tallinn, 1966–69, MSS in the National Heritage Board and Tallinn City Archives. Vol. 4, Viru tänav 14 (plot no. 367). On Tideke Bockholt, see T. Derrik. Das Bruderbuch der Revaler Tafelgilde (1364–1549). Mikrofiche-Ausgabe. Tectum, Marburg, 2000, 252.
55. On the war of 1443–48 and the Tallinn troops, see J. Kreem. The Town and its Lord: Reval and the Teutonic Order (in the Fifteenth Century). Tallinna Linnaarhiiv, Tallinn, 2002, 70–72, 171.
56. EB 3, no. 1233, 1322; Das Revaler Pergament Rentenbuch 1382–1518. Hrsg. von A. Plaesterer. (Publikationen aus dem Revaler Stadtarchiv, 5.) Revaler Estnische Verlagsgenossenschaft, Reval, 1930, no. 921.
57. For a reconstruction of the city plan and the parishes, see P. Johansen, H. von zur Mühlen. Deutsch und Undeutsch, fig. 3; Tallinna ajalugu, vol. 1 (1561. aastani). Ed. by T. Kala. Tallinna Linnaarhiiv, Tallinn, 2019, 88, fig. 75.
58. TLA, 31.1.216, fol. 36v: It. entfangen van Clawes meler vor sines wiues vader bigraft vnd dat lude gelt 5 mr.; A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 42.
59. S. Seppälä. Viljana, nahkoina, kapakalana: Talonpoikien maksamat kruununverot Suomessa v. 1539–1609. SKS, Helsinki, 2009, 172–174; T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 326–327, 404–405; G. Kerkkonen. Bondesegel på Finska viken: Kustbors handel och sjöfart under medeltid och äldsta Wasatid. Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors, 1959, 147–148, G. Kerkkonen. Helsinge medeltid. (Helsinge sockens historia, 1.) [Helsinge], 1962, 113–114.
60. See I. Leimus. Eesti hobune – strateegiline kaup keskajal. – Tuna: Ajalookultuuri ajakiri, 2017, 2, 14–16.
61. DF 1620: dat overm jare spade im herveste ut Sweden lude gesegelt quemen in de Narwemunde up unsen holm mit achte perden und v koien; DF 1619: dat spade in dem herves mins heren des koninges arme gebur segelden in de Narwe mit ereme quecke und mit anderen erer kopenscap mit minen love und kopslageden mit den Russen, de dar waren.
62. P. Johansen. Meister Michel Sittow, 6. For Margaretha and Barbara (who was married to the blacksmith Clawes van dem Berge), see A. Mänd. Michel Sittowi sotsiaalsed sidemed Tallinnas, 28–31. Gertrud, who probably remained unmarried, was mentioned in 1481 and 1486. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 238r.
63. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 7r (Jons Knaghe).
64. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 295r.
65. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 190r. The record was made on the Friday after Cantate, i.e. on 9 May 1466.
66. For Knaggeby see L. Huldén et al. Knaggeby. Finlandssvenska bebyggelsenamn. Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland. https://bebyggelsenamn.sls.fi/. Knaggeby (Siuntio): Finnish National Archives. Suomen Asutuksen yleisluettelo, Siuntio 1540–59 and 1560–79 (also Gnaggeby); A. Brenner. Sjundeå sockens historia I–II. Hangö, 1953–55, I:283, II:23.
67. TLA, BC 28, fol. 90, Middle Low German translation of the lost Swedish original (DF 6675), TLA, BC 20, fol. 1, a vidimation of lagman Jeppe Pedersson on Björn Ragvaldsson’s original sentence dated Kyrkeslet on Thursday after Visitation of Mary (July 3), 1477. The fact that both the translation of the original sentence and its later visitation were archived in Tallinn tells that a person or persons involved in the case had contacts to Tallinn and saw necessary to clear their name against possible allegations in front of the council. Medvastö is a former island and medieval village in Kirkkonummi coast just opposite Tallinn in the North.
68. Å. Granlund. En västnyländsk namntyp. Folkmålsstudier, Meddelanden från Föreningen för nordisk filologi, 19 (1965). Helsingfors, 68–69; L. Huldén et al., Knaggeby. Finlandssvenska bebyggelsenamn. If Jons Knagge of 1475 was from Knaggas, his name Jons did not live among his descendants: in the second half of the sixteenth century the tax was paid by one Matts Eriksson and his son Matts. U. A. Fleege. Historia. – J. E. Rosberg, U. A. Fleege. Kyrkslätt socken, dess natur, utveckling och historia. Förf, Helsingfors, 1901, 167.
69. Viertältestes Erbebuch der Stadt Reval (1458–1481). Hrsg. von A. Plaesterer (hereafter EB 4). Manuscript in Tallinn City Archives. Tallinn, 1936, no. 50.
70. EB 4, no. 54.
71. LEKUB 13. Hrsg. von M. Mahling, K. Neitmann, M. Thumser. Böhlau, Köln etc., 2018, no. 547.
72. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 104r; EB 4, no. 112.
73. LEKUB 14. Hrsg. von K. Neitmann, M. Thumser. Böhlau, Köln etc., 2020, no. 483.
74. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 173r: Hans Moller ... vorleth Lamberth Ottinge synes vaders inwonlike erue belegen in den Lemstrate tusschen here Reynolt van Werden vnnde Hans Hesteden huszern mit eynen garden vnd schunen buten der Lemporten tusschen her Reynolt van Werden vnnde Bernd Cleners garden vnnd eyn holtrumme tusschen here Johann Boyszmanns vnd Hinrik Kosters holtrumme.
75. DF 3834; LEKUB 14, no. 384.
76. LEKUB 14, no. 610 (= DF 3921).
77. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 104r.
78. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 104r (30.10.1489). Hinrick Holtappel was a merchant of Westphalian origin, a brother of the goldsmith Hans Holtappel. A. Mänd. Hans Holtappel, kullassepp. – T. Kala, J. Kreem, A. Mänd. Kümme keskaegset tallinlast. Varrak, Tallinn, 2006, 104.
79. TLA, Aa 35b, fol. 104r.
80. T. Salminen. Vantaan ja Helsingin pitäjän keskiaika, 393, 599 (Appendix 3, A4).
81. TLA, 191.2.1, fol. 31r (1465), 35r (1470), 49r (1496). See also T. Derrik. Das Bruderbuch der Revaler Tafelgilde, 376, 380, 395.
82. Das Revaler Bürgerbuch 1409–1624, 26.
83. TLA, 87.1.20, pag. 39 (1453), 114 (1463), 119, 121, 125, 129 (1465/66), 140 (1467), 143 (1467/68), 153 (1469), 157, 163 (1470), 250 (1482). Another Hans Moller was a Black Head from 1506 to 1523 (TLA, 87.1.21a, pag. 38, 151) and admitted to the Great Guild at Christmas revels of 1523/25 (TLA, 191.2.15, pag. 134).
84. TLA, 190.1.60, fol. 36v. Each major annual festival of the guild was organised by two stewards (gerdelude).
85. LEKUB 13, no. 182.
86. LEKUB 13, no. 202, 285, 286.
87. LEKUB 13, no. 384; LEKUB 14, no. 416.
88. DF 3912. Merten Bocklem (Bokelem) was admitted to the Table Guild at Christmas 1472/73 and took the burgher’s oath on 6 August 1473. TLA, 191.2.1, fol. 37r; Das Revaler Bürgerbuch, 31.
